基于语符的构式语法(SBCG)评介——一个融合词汇主义和构式主义的形式化语法体系  

Sign-Based Construction Grammar:An Integrated Formal Framework of Lexicalism and Constructionism

作　　者：黄思思 詹卫东[2] HUANG Sisi;ZHAN Weidong(the Academy of Chinese Language and Culture Education,Huaqiao University;不详)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学华文教育研究院 [2]北京大学中文系

出　　处：《当代语言学》2021年第4期591-607,共17页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：华侨大学高层次人才科研启动项目“现代汉语构式形式化表示研究”(19SKBS204);教育部人文社科基地2015年度重大项目“构式的语义分析及其在语料库中的标注”(15JJD740002)的资助。

摘　　要：基于语符的构式语法(SBCG)是一个融合了词汇主义和构式主义的形式化语法体系。它的形式表达框架脱胎于中心语驱动的短语结构语法(HPSG),语法描写目标则受到构式语法理论的深刻影响。与HPSG相比,SBCG调整了特征设置,用构体代替了规则,扩展了类型层级的使用范围。这些改进使得SBCG理论内部更加简洁一致,更能反映短语构体的异同,能更好地描写语音、句法、语义、语用互动。此外,SBCG仍然保留了词汇主义的特点,使得它在分析形式可变的构式时比Goldberg(1995)更有优势。Sign-Based Construction Grammar(SBCG)is a formal grammar system integrating Lexicalism and Constructionism.Its formal representation framework is devel￣oped from Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar(HPSG),and its goal of grammatical description is deeply influenced by Construction Grammar(CG).This paper discusses the progress of SBCG from two aspects.In comparison with HPSG,SBCG extends the concept of"sign"to the whole grammar system.It is embodied in three aspects:SBCG revises the feature configuration,replaces rules with constructs and expands the application scope of type hierarchy.This leads to a more concise theory that allows a better analysis of the differences and similarities between phrasal constructs,as well as a better description of the interactions between phonetics,syntax,semantics and pragmatics.Goldberg(1995)and SBCG share the same viewpoint that grammatical entities(i.e.constructions)need to be added for special usages of verbs.This is in sharp contrast to the grammar frameworks based on the reductionist principle,which holds that it is not necessary to add grammatical entities,but to add verb senses.Neither Goldberg(1995)nor SBCG theory sets up a separate sense for the verb in the construction.Both methods can avoid implausible verb senses and maintain semantic parsimony.The differences between the two methods are as follows:Goldberg(1995)thinks that the whole construction has independent meaning.Each component cannot be expanded,and the relative order between them is fixed.The construction in SBCG specifies the corresponding changes in meaning when the verb(i.e.,head)is combined with different components.However,SBCG theory does not specify the relative order between the verb and its collocates,nor does it specify whether the verb and its collocates can be extended.By using notions from the grammatical theory of lexicalism,SBCG became a more efficient model than that of Goldberg’s(1995)in analysing constructions with variable forms.

关 键 词：SBCG HPSG 构式语法 形式化表征 

分 类 号：H04[语言文字—语言学]