郑州市2018—2019年禽流感职业暴露人群和外环境监测分析  

Surveillance and analysis on occupational populations exposed to avian influenza and external environment in Zhengzhou from 2018 to 2019

作　　者：李国伟[1] 陈巧格 陈彦哲[1] 王小丽 宋彩娟[1] 葛国印 韩同武[1] LI Guo-wei;CHEN Qiao-ge;CHEN Yan-zhe;WANG Xiao-li;SONG Cai-juan;GE Guo-yin;HAN Tong-wu(Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Institute,Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Henan 450007,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州市疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,河南450007 [2]河南医学高等专科学校基础医学部

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2021年第10期947-950,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(182102310189);河南省医学科技攻关项目(201602348)。

摘　　要：目的调查掌握郑州市2018—2019年禽流感职业暴露人群、外环境病毒污染现状,为人感染禽流感疫情防控提供科学依据。方法 2018—2019年选择活禽交易市场、规模养殖场、家禽散养户、屠宰加工厂场所为监测点,采集职业暴露人群的血清标本及外环境标本,采用马血球血凝抑制实验检测血清标本中的H5、H7和H9等禽流感病毒抗体,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对采集的外环境标本进行禽流感病毒亚型核酸检测。结果 2018—2019年采集家禽职业暴露人群血清标本205人份,均未检出H5、H7和H9等禽流感病毒血凝素抗体;1 243份外环境标本中,34份流感病毒A型核酸阳性,阳性率2.73%;H5亚型为0.40%(5份)、H7为0.16%(2份)、H9为0.80%(10份),其他亚型阳性率1.37%(17份);每年阳性率最高的为12月,阳性率为7.75%;活禽交易市场和家禽屠宰加工厂流感病毒A型核酸阳性率最高,分别为4.27%和3.53%。结论郑州市家禽职业暴露人群中未发现禽流感病毒隐性感染者,禽类外环境中存在H5、H7和H9亚型禽流感病毒,冬春季检出率相对较高,是禽流感防控的重点,需继续在重点场所持续开展病原学监测。Objective To investigate and grasp the status quo of occupational exposure populations of avian influenza and external environment in Zhengzhou from 2018 to 2019,and to provide scientific basis for controlling human infection with avian influenza virus.Methods Serum specimens and environmental specimens were collected from 2018 to 2019 by treating live bird markets(LBMs),large-scale farms, poultry farmers and slaughterhouses as monitoring points, the avian influenza viruses antibodies such as H5,H7 and H9 in serum samples were tested by horse haemocyte hemocoagulation inhibition test;avian influenza virus subtype nucleic acid assays in external environment specimens were tested by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.Results No avian influenza viruses haemagglutinin antibodies such as H5,H7,and H9 were detected in 205 serological samples occupational exposure populations for the poultry from 2018 to 2019,34 specimens of avian influenza virus type-A nucleic acid assays from 1 243 external environment samples were positive with the positive rate of 2.73%.The positive rate of subtypes H5,H7 and H9 was 0.40%(5 specimens),0.16%(2 specimens) and 0.80%(10 specimens) respectively, and the positive rate of other subtypes was 1.37%(17 specimens).The positive rate peaked in December, and the positive rate was 7.75%.The positive rate of avian influenza virus type-A nucleic acid assays in LBMs and poultry slaughterhouses was the highest, hitting 4.27% and 3.53% respectively.Conclusion Avian influenza virus recessive infection isn’t found in occupational exposure populations for the poultry in Zhengzhou.There are H5,H7 and H9 subtypes of avian influenza viruses in the external environment of poultry.The detection rate is relatively high in winter and spring, it is the focus of avian influenza prevention and control, and it is necessary to constantly implement pathogenic surveillance in key places.

关 键 词：禽流感病毒 职业暴露人群 外环境标本 监测 实时荧光定量PCR 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]