120例狂犬病暴露者应用狂犬疫苗与狂犬病免疫球蛋白预防狂犬病的效果分析  

Analysis on effect of rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin applied to prevent rabies in 120 patients exposed to rabies

作　　者：苟长春 叶润华[1] 梁伟[1] 杨秋香 刘爱聪[1] GOU Chang-chun;YE Run-hua;LIANG Wei;YANG Qiu-xiang;LIU Ai-cong(Dehong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yunnan 678400,China)

机构地区：[1]德宏州疾病预防控制中心,云南678400

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2021年第9期853-855,共3页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：中央补助资金基本公共卫生服务项目(2100408)。

摘　　要：目的分析德宏州120例狂犬病暴露者应用狂犬疫苗与狂犬病免疫球蛋白预防狂犬病的效果,为科学指导狂犬病防控提供依据。方法收集2002—2019年德宏州动物和人间狂犬病流行与防控工作资料,对120例狂犬病暴露者应用狂犬疫苗与狂犬病免疫球蛋白预防狂犬病的效果进行统计学分析。结果 120例暴露者中联合应用了狂犬疫苗和狂犬病免疫球蛋白(或抗毒血清)的有51例(42.50%),均未发病;接种狂犬疫苗却没有应用狂犬病免疫球蛋白(或抗毒血清)的有47例(39.17%),死亡6例,发病率为12.76%;未接种狂犬疫苗和应用狂犬病免疫球蛋白(或抗毒血清)的有22例(18.33%),死亡20例,发病率为90.10%。120例暴露者的3种处理方法的狂犬病发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=78.44,P<0.01)。结论德宏州狂犬疫苗与狂犬病免疫球蛋白联合应用预防狂犬病效果显著,但联合应用率极低,在今后工作中就如何推进狂犬疫苗与狂犬病免疫球蛋白联合应用和建立规范性犬伤门诊仍然是州内狂犬病防控工作重点。Objective To analyze the effects of rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin applied to prevent rabies in 120 patients with rabies in Dehong Prefecture, and to provide the basis for scientific guidance in rabies prevention and control.Methods The data of animal-to-human rabies epidemic and control in Dehong Prefecture from 2002 to 2019 were collected.The effect of rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin applied to prevent rabies in 120 patients exposed to rabies was statistically analyzed.Results In the 120 patients exposed to rabies, 51 patients(42.50%) received rabies vaccine combined with rabies immunoglobulin(or antitoxic serum) free of attack;47 patients(39.17%) were vaccinated with rabies without rabies immunoglobulin(or antitoxic serum),6 patients died, and the incidence rate was 12.76%;22 patients(18.33%) were neither vaccinated nor applied with rabies immunoglobulin(or antitoxic serum),20 patients died, and incidence rate was 90.10%.The incidence of rabies in three treatments of positive exposed patients was statistically significant(χ^(2)=78.44,P<0.01).Conclusion Significant effects are found with rabies vaccine combined with rabies immunoglobulin to prevent rabies in Dehong, combined application rate of rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin in Dehong is extremely low, and it remains to be the focus of rabies prevention and control in Dehong Prefecture to have combined application of rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin and establishment of a standardizeddog bite clinic in future services.

关 键 词：狂犬病暴露者 狂犬疫苗 狂犬病免疫球蛋白 预防效果 联合应用 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.99[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]