广州市某高中一起甲型流感暴发疫情流行病学调查分析  

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of an influenza A outbreak in a high school in Guangzhou City

作　　者：吴迪 蔡明伟[2] 陆剑云[1] 王敏[2] 曹蓝[1] 刘艳慧[1] 陈艺韵[1] 王大虎[1] WU Di;CAI Ming-wei;LU Jian-yun;WANG Min;CAO Lan;LIU Yan-hui;CHEN Yi-yun;WANG Da-hu(Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangdong 510440,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心,广东510440 [2]广州市荔湾区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2021年第9期898-901,905,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(2019A1515011407);广东省医学科研基金(A2019379,A2020399,B2021244);广州市卫生健康科技项目(20191A011064,20201A011067,20211A011059)。

摘　　要：目的分析广州市某高中流感样病例暴发疫情流行病学特征,为学校流感防控提供科学依据。方法通过现场流行病学调查掌握和分析该起流感样病例暴发疫情病例的基本信息,采集具有典型症状病例的咽拭子进行PCR流感分型检测。结果本起流感样病例暴发疫情累计报告流感样病例139例,其中男生65例、女生74例,男女性别比例为1∶1.14,罹患率为4.61%(139/3 014),病例平均年龄为(16.5±1.6)岁;高二年级累计104例(罹患率为12.32%),高三年级22例(罹患率为3.38%),高一年级13例(罹患率为2.53%),不同年级罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=66.124,P<0.01),但性别分布差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.239,P=0.198);本起疫情波及40个班;班级罹患率最高为30.61%,最低为1.75%,不同班级罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=150.317,P<0.01);经实验室检测,13份咽拭子中12份A(H3N2)型流感病毒阳性。结论本起疫情是一起由A(H3N2)型流感病毒所致流感样病例暴发疫情,故流感流行季学校应加强晨检和缺课监测,减少大型集体活动。Objective To analysis the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of influenza-like case outbreak in a high school in Guangzhou, and to provide a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control in schools.Methods The basic information of the patients in the outbreak of influenza-like illness(ILI) was grasped during the field epidemiological investigation, and to collect pharyngeal swabs from cases with typical symptoms for PCR influenza typing.Results A total of 139 ILI cases were reported in this outbreak, of which 65 were male and 74 were female.The ratio of male to female was 1∶1.14,and the incidence rate was 4.61%(139/3 014).The mean age of the cases were(16.5±1.6) years.A cumulative total of 104 cases of the second year of senior secondary school(12.32% prevalence),22 cases in the third year(3.38% prevalence) and 13 cases in the first year of senior secondary school(2.53% prevalence),with statistically signifticant differences in prevalence by year(χ^(2)=66.124,P<0.01),however, the difference in gender distribution was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=3.239,P=0.198);the outbreak affected 40 classes;the highest class prevalence rate was 30.61% and the lowest was 1.75%,with statistically significant differences in prevalence rates between classes(χ^(2)=150.317,P<0.01);12 of 13 pharyngeal swabs were positive for influenza A virus(H3 N2).Conclusion This is an ILI outbreak caused by influenza A virus(H3 N2).Therefore, schools should strengthen morning checks and absence monitoring and reduce large group activities in influenza epidemic seasons.

关 键 词：甲型流感病毒 流感样病例 暴发 流行病学特征 学校卫生 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]