2019年西安市鼠类种群及密度监测分析  

Monitoring analysis 2019 on rodent population and density in Xi’an

作　　者：李广帅[1] 庞松涛[1] 雷晓岗 薛威[1] 徐琨 解民[1] 杨西平 LI Guang-shuai;PANG Song-tao;LEI Xiao-gang;XUE Wei;XU Kun;XIE Min;YANG Xi-ping(Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shaanxi 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心,陕西710054

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2021年第9期909-911,共3页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：西安市卫生健康委科研基金项目(2020yb44)。

摘　　要：目的了解2019年西安市鼠种构成、消长趋势及不同生境鼠密度情况,为制定防鼠灭鼠措施提供科学依据。方法按照地理东南西北选择4区县,每个区县选择城镇居民区、农村自然村和食品餐饮业共5个监测点,奇数月中旬监测,采用夹夜法。结果 2019年共捕获4类鼠98只,鼠密度0.30%,优势鼠种为小家鼠,占比68.37%。不同生境之间鼠种差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.779,P=0.297)。鼠密度季节消长呈双峰型,小高峰是1月,大高峰是7月,鼠密度分别为0.38%、0.44%。城镇居民区鼠密度高峰在7月,为0.37%;农村自然村鼠密度呈双峰趋势,大高峰分别为1、7月,鼠密度分别为1.10%、0.80%;食品餐饮业鼠密度呈增长趋势。结论 2019年西安市鼠密度低于全国平均水平,不同生境鼠密度、鼠种和消长趋势有着一定的地域特征。环境卫生的改善有利于降低鼠密度。建议根据监测结果,在鼠密度高发季节来临之前,针对不同生境制定有效防控措施,将全市鼠密度控制在一个较低水平。Objective To understanding the information including the species, growth trend and density of rodents at different habitats in Xi’an in 2019,and to provide scientific basis for formulation of rodent control and deratization measures.Methods Four districts and counties were selected in the four directions including the East, South, West and North according to geography, and urban residential areas, rural natural villages and food and catering industry were chosen as the five monitoring points.Monitoring work was conducted in mid of odd months with the trap-at-night method.Results A total of 98 rodents with the rodent density of 0.30% in 4 species were captured during 2019,Mus musculus was the dominant species, accounting for 68.37%.The difference species of rodent among different habitats was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.779,P=0.297).The seasonal variation of rodent density showed bimodal pattern with small peak in January and big peak in July with the rodent density of 0.38% and 0.44%.In urban residential areas, the rodent density peaked at 0.37% in July;in rural natural villages, the rodent density showed the bimodal trend with the big peak in January and July, and the rodent density was 1.10% and 0.80% respectively;the rodent density in the food and catering industry was increasing.Conclusion The rodent density in Xi’an is lower than nationally mean level in 2019,the density, species and the growth trend and decline of rodents in different habitats show regional characteristics.The improvement of environmental sanitation makes for reducing the rodent density.The measures for rodent control in different habitats are advised to be formulated prior to the approach of high-occurrence season of rodent density according to the monitoring results to control the rodent density at a lower level.

关 键 词：鼠密度 种群构成 季节消长 监测 分析 

分 类 号：R184.35[医药卫生—流行病学]