以节能为导向的住区形态布局及自动寻优方法研究  

RESEARCH ON AUTOMATIC OPTIMIZATION METHOD OF RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT LAYOUT BASED ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY

作　　者：刘可 徐小东[1] 王伟[1] LIU Ke;XU Xiaodong;WANG Wei(School of Architecture,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学建筑学院,南京210096

出　　处：《工业建筑》2021年第8期1-10,27,共11页Industrial Construction

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点专项课题(2019YFD1100904);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51978144)。

摘　　要：在环境与能源面临严峻挑战的当下,住区节能备受关注,优化住区形态布局从而提升城市微气候环境是降低住宅能耗的有效手段。基于Grasshopper参数化平台,结合日照、微气候与能耗模拟插件Ladybug Tools,运用单目标遗传算法运算器Galapagos,提出以节能为导向的住区形态布局自动寻优方法。进而以南京市某高层住区规划为例,选取建筑位置、建筑朝向与建筑层高作为形态变量,住区建筑年均冷热负荷总能耗强度作为优化目标展开形态布局及其自动寻优,详细阐释其使用步骤和应用效果。结果表明:在早期方案阶段应用该方法优化住区布局形态能够取得较好的节能效果,可为设计师进行宏观层面的节能设计提供技术参考。There are many serious challenges for the environment and energy in China,energy efficiency in residential districts has attracted much attention.Optimizing the layout of residential districts to improve urban microclimate is an effective mean to reduce building energy consumption.Based on the Grasshopper parametric platform,combined with the Ladybug Tools,a simulation plug-in of sunshine,microclimate,and energy consumption,and using the single-objective genetic algorithm operator Galapagos,the paper proposed an energy-efficiency-oriented method for automatically optimizing the layout of residential districts.This paper took the planning of a high-rise residential district in Nanjing city as an example,selected the building location,building orientation,and building height as the form variables,and took the total energy use intensity of the annual building cooling and heating load as the optimization objective to develop the form layout and its automatic optimization,and explained its use steps and application effects in detail.The results showed that a better energy-saving effect could be achieved in the early scheme stage by optimizing the layout of residential districts.This method could provide technical reference for designers to design energy saving in the early stage.

关 键 词：住区 节能 形态布局 自动寻优 单目标遗传算法 

分 类 号：TU984.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]