基于地基GPS的祁连山大气可降水量特征  

Characteristics of Precipitable Water Vapor in Qilian Mountains Based on Ground-Based GPS Data

作　　者：程鹏 罗汉 刘琴[3] 李宝梓[1] 曹彦超 尚子溦 CHENG Peng;LUO Han;LIU Qin;LI Baozi;CAO Yanchao;SHANG Ziwei(Gansu Weather Modification Office,Lanzhou 730020;Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics of China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081;College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020;Qingyang Meteorological Office of Gansu Province,Qingyang 745000;Lanzhou Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730020)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省人工影响天气办公室,兰州730020 [2]中国气象局云雾物理环境重点实验室,北京100081 [3]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730020 [4]甘肃省庆阳市气象局,庆阳745000 [5]兰州市气象局,兰州730020

出　　处：《气象》2021年第9期1135-1145,共11页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：西北区域人工影响天气能力建设项目研究试验项目(ZQC-R18208);中国气象局云雾物理环境重点开放实验室开放课题(2018Z01603);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(20JR10RA455);甘肃省气象局科研重点项目(Zd2021-03)共同资助。

摘　　要：利用2016—2018年祁连山区中东部11个站的地基GPS反演的大气可降水量(以下简称GPS/PWV),分析了大气可降水量的时空分布、地带性和垂直变化特征。结果表明:与张掖和民勤探空实测资料计算的PWV(以下简称RS/PWV)相比,GPS/PWV均方根误差和偏差平均值分别为2.1 mm和1.07 mm,GPS/PWV略大于RS/PWV且两者相关系数平均值达到0.97。祁连山中东部PWV日最大值出现在11—16时,日最小值出现在01—05时;PWV的月最大值出现在8月,月最小值出现在1—2月;PWV的季节分布为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季;PWV高值区主要分布在祁连山东南部,祁连山中部的刚察、民和为明显低值区;祁连山中段PWV低于东段。PWV地带性和垂直变化特征明显,与海拔高度的相关系数达到了-0.77。PWV随经度自西向东,逐渐升高;PWV随纬度从南往北,存在着“高—低—高”的变化特征;PWV的空间分布和季节变化与季风影响相关。In this paper,the GPS-PWV(GPS/PWV)of GPS inversion of 11 stations in the central and eastern Qilian Mountains from 2016 to 2018 is used to analyze the characteristics of the spatio-temporal distribution,zonality and vertical charge of precipitable water vapor.The results show that compared to the PWV calculated from sounding data from Zhangye and Minqin stations,the average root-mean-square error and deviation are 2.1 mm and 1.07 mm respectively.GPS/PWV is slightly larger than RS/PWV,and the correlation coefficient of the two results reaches 0.97.The PWV in the central and eastern Qilian Mountains has characteristics of obvious daily,monthly and seasonal variations.The daily maximum of PWV appears between 11:00-16:00 BT and the minimum between 01:00-05:00 BT.The monthly maximum occurs in August,and the monthly minimum is in January-February.The PWV seasonal variation shows a decreasing order from summer to autumn,spring and winter.The areas with high PWV values are mainly located in the southern part of Qilian Mountains,with obvious low-value areas at Gangcha and Minhe stations in the middle section of Qilian Mountains.PWV has obvious characteristics of zonatity and vertical change.The correlation coefficient between PWV and altitude reaches-0.77.PWV increases gradually from west to east with longitude,showing a change of high-low-high trend from south to north.In addition,the spatial distribution and seasonal change of PWV are also related to the effect of monsoon.

关 键 词：大气可降水量(PWV) GPS 变化特征 祁连山 

分 类 号：P468[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P412