氮肥追施对玉米产量、农学利用率及追肥吸收效率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Topdressing on Maize Yield, Agronomic Utilization Efficiency and Topdressing Absorption Efficiency

作　　者：崔婷婷[1] 李志洪[1] 汤俊芳 刘晔[1] 宋洁 CUI Tingting;LI Zhihong;TANG Junfang;LIU Ye;SONG Jie(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2021年第4期400-406,共7页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20120208);国家自然科学基金项目(40671124)。

摘　　要：基于重建最优施肥算法模型(NFOA)需要引进新的参数,研究追施氮肥对玉米追肥利用率和吸收土壤氮量的影响。2016年通过田间试验设置5个不同氮水平,纯氮用量分别为0,50,100,150,200 kg/hm^(2)(N0,N50,N100,N150,N200),探讨追肥后氮肥利用率、氮肥农学利用率以及玉米吸收土壤氮量的变化。2017年在相邻地块验证2016年试验结果。试验结果表明:在2016年只施基肥的各处理中,产量随着施氮量的增加而提高,但农学利用率无明显差异,平均值为21.56 kg/kg;追肥农学利用率随着追肥量增加而逐渐下降,在N1处理下追肥农学利用率最高,为14.01 kg/kg。随着追氮量增加,玉米总吸氮量有明显提升,但是玉米吸收土壤氮量占总吸氮量的百分率有所下降,在N4处理下最低,为57.15%。玉米追肥利用率与追氮量之间可用二次曲线方程进行拟合,随着追氮量增加呈现出逐渐下降的趋势。2017年田间试验:2个品种玉米追肥农学利用率均高于基肥农学利用率;玉米吸收土壤氮量和追肥利用率均随追氮量增加而逐渐下降,呈现出与2016年试验相似的趋势。玉米从土壤中吸收氮量,追肥利用率随着追肥量不同而变化,因此综合考虑追氮量对农艺效率、追肥利用率以及吸收土壤氮量的影响,进一步为构建最优施肥算法模型(NFOA)提供理论依据,实现精准追肥。Based on the reconstructed optimal fertilization algorithm model(NFOA), the effects of applying nitrogen fertilizer on the utilization rate of maize fertilizer and the amount of soil nitrogen absorbed were studied. In 2016, five different nitrogen levels were set up through field experiments. The amount of pure nitrogen was 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/hm^(2), respectively, which were expressed as N0, N1, N2, N3 and N4. The changes of nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency and soil nitrogen uptake by maize were discussed. The 2016 experimental results were validated in adjacent plots in 2017. The experimental results show that: in all 2016 treatments with basal fertilizer only, the yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, but there was no significant difference in agronomic efficiency, and the average value was 21.56 kg/kg;Topdressing agronomic efficiency decreased gradually with the increase of topdressing amount, and was the highest under N1 treatment, which was 14.01 kg/kg. With the increase of nitrogen topdressing, the total nitrogen uptake of maize increased significantly, but the percentage of total nitrogen uptake by soil in maize decreased, and the lowest was 57.15% under N4 treatment. The quadratic curve equation can be used to fit the ratio of nitrogen topdressing utilization rate and nitrogen topdressing rate. With the increase of nitrogen uptake, topdressing utilization rate of maize shows a gradually decreasing trend. In field trials in 2017, the agronomic utilization rate of topdressing for both varieties of maize was higher than that of basic fertilizers;the amount of nitrogen absorbed by maize and the utilization rate of topdressing gradually decreased with the increase of topdressing amount, showing a similar trend to the 2016 test. The amount of nitrogen absorbed by maize from the soil cannot be ignored, and topdressing utilization rate will vary with the amount of topdressing fertilizer. Therefore, we should comprehensively consider t

关 键 词：玉米 农艺效率 氮肥 追肥利用率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S143.1