白鹇海南亚种的行为时间分配及其活动节律  

Study on Behavioral Time Budgets and Activity Rhythms of the Hainan Subspecies of Silver Pheasant(Lophura nycthemera whiteheadi)

作　　者：李佳灵[1,2] 尹为治 饶晓东 冯源 滕甜甜[3] 刘辉 黄良鸿[2] LI Jialing;YIN Weizhi;RAO Xiaodong;FENG Yuan;TENG Tiantian;LIU Hui;HUANG Lianghong(College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou,570228,China;Wuzhishan Division of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Bureau,Wuzhishan,572299,China;College of Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou,570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学生态与环境学院,海口570228 [2]海南热带雨林国家公园管理局五指山分局,五指山572299 [3]海南大学林学院,海口570228

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2021年第4期1047-1056,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(320RC506,319MS012);国家自然科学基金项目(31800320);2020年中央财政林业改革发展资金专项调查和监测项目(A包)。

摘　　要：为掌握白鹇海南亚种(Lophura nycthemera whiteheadi)的生态习性,探讨有效保护策略,2018年1月—2021年1月,在海南热带雨林国家公园五指山片区内布设50台红外相机进行连续监测,共收集白鹇独立有效照片1472张,视频491个,对其行为时间分配,活动节律(日、月、季节)与海拔迁移规律进行分析。结果表明:①白鹇的日活动时间从06:00开始到20:00结束,其中出现3个活动高峰,即07:00—09:00、13:00和16:00;雄性与雌性的日活动频率无显著差异(t=2.020,df=22,P=0.056);②观察到的主要行为包括觅食、移动、梳理、警戒和对抗,雄性警戒行为显著高于雌性(Z=-2.231,P=0.026),其余4种行为均无性别差异;③该物种月相对活动频率高峰出现在9月和10月。其中,旱季移动行为显著高于雨季(Z=-2.198,P=0.028),雨季觅食行为显著高于旱季(Z=-2.579,P=0.010),其余3种行为均无显著差异(警戒Z=-1.229,P=0.219;对抗Z=-1.528,P=0.127;梳理Z=-0.267,P=0.790);④高海拔地区白鹇的日活动高峰出现在09:00—11:00、13:00—14:00和16:00—17:00,中海拔地区出现在08:00—09:00、12:00—13:00和17:00—18:00,低海拔地区出现在07:00—10:00、18:00—19:00;20:00后仅拍摄到在中高海拔的活动迹象。研究结果有助于更好地理解该物种生活史对策的变化趋势,可为热带和亚热带地区雉类(Phasianidae)保护与管理提供科学依据。In order to study and get to grips with the ecological habits and effective protection strategies of the Hainan subspecies of silver pheasant(Lophura nycthemera whiteheadi),we set up 50 infrared cameras to continuously monitor in Wuzhishan District of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park from January 2018 to January 2021.A total of 1,472 independent photo images and 491 videos of Silver pheasants were obtained by using infrared-triggered cameras.We analyzed behavioral time budgets,activity patterns(day,month,and season)and elevation migration of the species.The results show:①The silver pheasants were diurnal and active from 06:00—20:00 in the day,with three peaks at 06:00—09:00,13:00 and 16:00,respectively;both genders showed similar daily activity patterns(t=2.020,d f=22,P=0.056);②The behaviors mainly include foraging,moving,combing,guarding,and confronting.The guarding behaviors of males were significantly higher than that of females(Z=-2.231,P=0.026),and there were no significant differences in the other behaviors between males and females;③The relative richness index peaked in September and October.The moving of the silver pheasants during the dry season was significantly higher than that in the rainy season(Z=-2.198,P=0.028),but the foraging in the rainy season was significantly higher than that in the dry season(Z=-2.579,P=0.010).The other three behaviors had no significant seasonal variations(Guarding,Z=-1.229,P=0.219;Confronting Z=-1.528,P=0.127;Combing Z=-0.267,P=0.790);④Silver pheasants showed three peak activity periods,09:00—11:00,13:00—14:00,and 16:00—17:00,respectively,at high elevation areas;08:00—09:00,12:00—13:00 and 16:00—17:00,respectively,at mediate elevation areas;07:00—10:00 and 18:00—19:00,respectively,at low elevation areas.The signs of activity were photographed after 20:00 only at medium and high elevations.The results provided a scientific basis for the protection and management of tropical and subtropical zones.

关 键 词：白鹇海南亚种 活动节律 行为节律 红外相机 五指山 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]