云南异龙湖冬季水鸟群落多样性及年际变化  

Diversity and Interannual Variation of Water Bird Community in Yilong Lake,Yunnan in Winter

作　　者：马国强 肖剑平 周洪鑫 吴超雄 曹明 李旭[3] MA Guoqiang;XIAO Jianping;ZHOU Hongxin;WU Chaoxiong;CAO Ming;LI Xu(Kunming Survey & Design Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming,650216,China;School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,730000,China;Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan,Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,650224,China;Yilong Lake Administration,Shiping,662200,China;Yunnan Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming,650224,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局昆明勘察设计院,昆明650216 [2]兰州大学生命科学学院,兰州730000 [3]西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院,云南省高校极小种群野生动物保育重点实验室,昆明650224 [4]异龙湖管理局,石屏662200 [5]云南省林业和草原局,昆明650224

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2021年第4期1075-1084,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：云南省教育厅自然科学基金项目(11070644);云南省重点学科野生动植物保护与利用项目(XKZ200904);云南省林学一流学科建设项目(51600625)。

摘　　要：2016年11月—2019年3月,采用“点样带法”对云南异龙湖冬季水鸟群落进行研究,共记录冬季水鸟8目14科59种,其中,2016—2017年调查到6目10科41种;2017—2018年调查到8目14科56种;2018—2019年调查到8目14科59种。从水鸟群落组成的年度动态图上看,物种数呈增加趋势,最多出现在2018—2019年,记录59种;从水鸟物种数量的年度动态图上看,物种数呈先增加后减少趋势,最多出现在2017—2018年。冬季水鸟物种数及个体数呈逐年增加,2016—2019年鸟类个体数量增加超过2倍,变化最显著的为雁形目(Anseriformes),数量增加了3倍多。2016—2019年异龙湖冬季水鸟群落多样性分析表明,物种数、总体Shannon-wiener指数和Simpson多样性指数逐年增加,而2017—2018年的Pielou均匀度最高。2016—2017年和2017—2018年研究区共记录水鸟56种,相同物种有41种,鸟种年间周转率为73.19%;2017—2018年和2018—2019年研究区共记录鸟类59种,相同物种有56种,鸟种年间周转率为53.91%。异龙湖不同生境群落的鸟类物种多样性具有较大差异,导致多样性差异的重要因素可能是异龙湖内生境结构的差异,3个年度物种数及多样性指数逐年增加,鸟类群落多样性指数变化显著的生境为水域和沼泽,其他生境数值差距不大。From July 2016 to March 2019,the“point transect method”was used to study the winter water bird community in Yilong Lake,Yunnan.A total of 59 species of water birds in 8 orders,14 families were recorded in winter.Among them,41 species of 6 orders,10 families were recorded from 2016 to 2017;56 species of 8 orders,14 families from 2017 to 2018;and 59 species of 8 orders,14 families from 2018 to 2019.Based on the annual dynamic curve of waterfowl community composition,the number of species showed an increasing trend,with the maximum of 59 species recorded in 2018-2019.From the annual dynamic curve of the number of waterfowl species,the number of species showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,with the maximum value in 2017-2018.The number of waterfowl species and individuals in winter has increased year by year.From 2016 to 2019,the number of individual birds increased by more than twice,with the most significant change of Anseriformes by more than tripled.Diversity analysis of winter water bird community in Yilong Lake from 2016 to 2019 showed that the number of species,overall Shannon-wiener index and Simpson diversity index have increased year by year;Pielou has the highest uniformity in 2017-2018.A total of 56 species of waterbirds were recorded in the study area in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018,having 41 common species and the annual turnover rate of 73.19%;a total of 59 species of waterbirds were recorded in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019,having 56 common species and the annual turnover rate of 53.91%.The species diversity of waterbird communities is significantly different in different habitats in Yilong Lake,and the important factor leading to this difference may be due to the complexity of the inner habitat structure.The number of species and diversity index have increased year by year in the three years.The habitats with significant changes in the diversity index of bird communities are water habitats and marsh habitats,and there is little difference in the values of other habitats.

关 键 词：冬季水鸟 群落多样性 年际变化 异龙湖 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]