5种乌头属药用植物种子的显微鉴别研究  

Study on Microscopic Identification of Seeds of 5 Medicinal Plants of Aconitum Genus

作　　者：尹碧薇 郭云刚 池秀莲[1] 陈灵丽 李涟漪 程蒙[1] 李文渊[4] 葛慧 赵鑫 崔光红[1] 李晓琳[1] YIN Bi-wei;GUO Yun-gang;CHI Xiu-lian;CHEN Ling-li;LI Lian-yi;CHENG Meng;LI Wen-yuan;GE Hui;ZHAO Xin;CUI Guang-hong;LI Xiao-lin(State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guangzhou 510006,China;The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,China;The Research Center of Chinese and Tibetan Medicine,College of Medicine,Qinghai University,Xining 810001,China;Hezheng Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants,Gansu University of Chinese Medicine,Linxia 731100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药资源中心道地药材国家重点实验室培育基地,北京100700 [2]广东药科大学中药学院,广东广州510006 [3]中国科学院昆明植物研究所,云南昆明650201 [4]青海大学医学院中藏药研究中心,青海西宁810001 [5]甘肃中医药大学和政药用植物园,甘肃临夏731100

出　　处：《现代中药研究与实践》2021年第5期1-5,共5页Research and Practice on Chinese Medicines

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(81891010,81891013);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务员专项资金(ZZXT202001);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项基金(CARS-21)。

摘　　要：目的研究乌头属3个亚属5种药用植物种子的显微鉴别特征。方法利用体视显微镜、扫描电镜、生物显微镜观察种子的外观形态、解剖结构及显微结构。结果乌头种子腹翅宽大,背部横向膜质翅有5~8个;显柱乌头种子大,背翅多;铁棒锤种子无明显的横膜翅或横向鳞状翅;高乌头种子密生横向鳞状翅;露蕊乌头种子小,表面密生较窄横膜翅。它们的外种皮结构和内种皮支柱细胞等也略有不同。结论同一亚属种子的外观和结构更为接近,而露蕊乌头种子显著区别于其它亚属种子。5种乌头属种子的显微鉴别研究可为乌头属种子的鉴别、质量评价及乌头属系统分类提供依据。Objective To identify 5 medicinal plants seeds belonging to 3 subgenera of Aconitum.Methods The appearance,anatomical structure and microstructure of seeds are observed by stereoscopic microscope,scanning electron microscope and biological microscope.Results Aconitum carmichaelii seeds have wide ventral wings and 5~8 transverse membranous wings;Aconitum stylosum seeds are large and have many transverse membranous wings;Aconitum pendulum seeds have no obvious transverse membranous wings or scaly wings;Aconitum sinomontanum seeds densely cover transverse scaly wing;Aconitum gymnandrum seeds are small and densely cover narrow wings on the surface.The testa structure and the sustenacular cells of endotesta are slightly different.Conclusion Seeds of the same subgenus are more similar in appearance and structure,while Aconitum gymnandrum seeds are significantly different from other subgenera.The study can provide the basis for the identification,seed quality evaluation and the systematic classification of Aconitum.

关 键 词：乌头属 种子 性状鉴别 显微鉴别 形态学 

分 类 号：R282.5[医药卫生—中药学]