育龄期妇女乙型肝炎流行现状及危险因素分析  

Analysis on epidemic status and risk factors of hepatitis B among women of childbearing age

作　　者：王丹 刘小甜 范开辉[3] 刘晓燕 马婷婷 魏兴武[3] WANG Dan;LIU Xiao-tian;FAN Kai-hui;LIU Xiao-yan;MA Ting-ting;WEI Xing-wu(Department of Preventive Medicine,Medical College of Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang,832000,China;Clinical Laboratory,Shihezi Maternal and Child Health Hospital of the Eighth Division of Xinjiang Corps,Shihezi Xinjiang,832000,China;Pre-pregnancy Health Department,Shihezi Maternal and Child Health Hospital of the Eighth Division of Xinjiang Corps,Shihezi Xinjiang,832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学医学院预防医学系,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆兵团第八师石河子市妇幼保健院检验科,新疆石河子832000 [3]新疆兵团第八师石河子市妇幼保健院孕前保健科,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第16期2230-2234,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：新疆兵团八师石河子市2020重点人才项目(20205007)。

摘　　要：目的了解石河子地区育龄期妇女乙型肝炎病毒的感染情况、分布特点及影响因素。方法采用整群随机抽样,选取2019年1-12月在石河子妇幼保健院进行健康检查的20~49岁常住育龄期妇女采集静脉血5 mL,酶联免疫法进行乙型肝炎血清标志物的检测。结果共调查1 236人,乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙型肝炎病毒表面抗体(HBsAb)、乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)、乙型肝炎病毒e抗体(HBeAb)、乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体(HBcAb)阳性率分别为5.02%、69.09%、0.81%、4.21%和5.58%。单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄、生育史、乙肝疫苗接种史及压力大小的育龄期妇女HBsAg阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.201、12.993、14.159、14.627,均P<0.05);不同文化程度、职业、民族、生育史及乙肝疫苗接种史的育龄期妇女HBsAb阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=59.545、44.524、11.474、26.887、53.115,均P<0.05)。Logistics回归分析结果显示,压力大小和乙肝疫苗接种史为HBsAg阳性率的影响因素,乙型肝炎疫苗接种史和生育史为HBsAb阳性率的影响因素。结论石河子地区育龄期妇女乙型肝炎流行率低于我国的总体水平,但仍有一部分乙型肝炎易感人群。应有针对性地对育龄妇女进行健康教育和筛查,以便采取有效的预防干预和治疗措施。Objective To understand the infection situation,distribution characteristics and influencing factors of hepatitis B virus infection among women of childbearing age in Shihezi area. Methods Women of childbearing age(20-49 years old),who had undergone health checkups in Shihezi Maternity and Child Health Hospital From January to December 2019,were selected by the method of cluster random sampling as the subjects. Then 5 mL venous blood was collected and the serum markers of hepatitis B were detected by enzymelinked immunoassay. Results A total of 1 236 subjects were investigated,and the positive rate of surface antigen(HBsAg),surface antibody(HBsAb),e antigen(HBeAg),e antibody(HBeAb),and core antibody(HBcAb) was 5.02%,69.09%,0.81%,4.21% and 5.58%,respectively. Single factor analysis showed that the there were statistically significant differences in the positive rate of HBsAg among childbearing age women in different age,birth history,history of hepatitis B vaccination,and pressure(χ^(2)=11.201,12.993,14.159,14.627,all P<0.05),and there were statistically significant differences in the positive rate of HBsAb among childbearing age women in different education,occupation,nationality,birth history and hepatitis B vaccination history( χ^(2)= 59. 545, 44. 524, 11. 474, 26. 887, 53. 115, all P < 0. 05 ). Logistics regression analysis results showed that stress and hepatitis B vaccination history were the influencing factors of HBsAg,while hepatitis B vaccination history and birth history were the influencing factors of HBsAb. Conclusion The prevalence of hepatitis B among women of childbearing age in Shihezi area is lower than the overall level in China,but there are still some people who are susceptible to hepatitis B. Targeted health education and screening of women of childbearing age should be carried out,in order to take effective preventive intervention and treatment measures.

关 键 词：乙型肝炎 育龄期妇女 血清流行病学 乙型肝炎血清标志物 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]