小麦抗赤霉病遗传育种研究进展及思考  

Research progress and thinking on genetics and breeding of resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat

作　　者：高德荣[1,2] 胡文静 张勇[1,2] 别同德 吕国峰[1,2] 蒋正宁 程顺和[1,2] GAO Derong;HU Wenjing;ZHANG Yong;BIE Tongde;LYU Guofeng;JIANG Zhengning;CHENG Shunhe(Lixiahe Institute of Agriculture Sciences,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low&Middle Yangtze Valley,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangzhou 225007,Jiangsu;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,农业农村部长江中下游小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,江苏扬州225007 [2]江苏省作物基因组学和分子育种重点实验室(扬州大学),江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《长江大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第5期66-77,共12页Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“长江中下游冬麦区高产优质抗病小麦新品种选育”(2017YFD01008012017YFD0100800,2017YFD0101802);国家自然科学基金项目“扬麦16抗赤霉病新位点QFhb-yaas-3BL的精确定位与育种效应分析”(31901544);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项“弱筋小麦岗位科学家”和“扬州综合试验站”(CARS-03-03B,CARS-3-2-11)。

摘　　要：小麦赤霉病是世界性病害,严重危害小麦生产,已成为我国粮食安全的重大威胁。国内外在小麦赤霉病抗源筛选、抗病基因发掘与克隆及抗赤霉病育种等方面取得重大进展。从抗赤霉病早期遗传研究、抗病基因/QTL挖掘、基因/QTL效应研究和抗病基因克隆等方面回顾了抗赤霉病遗传研究进展,并对基于表型选择和分子标记辅助的抗赤霉病育种成就进行了总结。在分析现有普通小麦抗源和外源抗性材料的育种利用局限的基础上,针对性地提出3点建议:一是加强对已育成和推广品种的抗性鉴定,筛选其中的抗病品种进行抗病基因研究;二是利用抗病基因的加性效应聚合现有品种携带的不同抗病基因,减少抗病基因与不利农艺性状的连锁累赘,培育抗赤霉病高产品种;三是加大外源基因的发掘、改造和利用。Fusarium head blight(FHB)of wheat is a destructive fungal disease worldwide and a major threat to wheat production and food security in China.At home and abroad,great progress has been achieved in the screening of resistance to FHB,the discovery and cloning of resistant genes,and FHB-resistant breeding in wheat.The progress of genetic research on FHB resistance was reviewed from the aspects of early genetic research,resistant genes/QTL mining,genes/QTL effect and resistant gene cloning,and the recent achievements of FHB-resistant breeding based on phenotypicselection and molecular marker-assisted were summarized.Three suggestions were proposed based on analyzing theutilization value of existing resistant sources of common wheat and the utilization limitation of exogenous resistant materials:One is to reinforce the resistance identification of released cultivars,and excavate the disease-resistantvarieties for disease-resistant gene research;The second is to use the additive effect of disease resistance genes toaggregate different disease resistance genes carried by existing varieties to reduce the linkage drag between resistant genes and unacceptable agronomic traits,and breed FHB-resistant cultivars with high yield;The third is to expand the exploration,transformation and utilization of exogenous genes.

关 键 词：小麦 赤霉病 遗传 育种 

分 类 号：S435.121.45[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]