网络诽谤犯罪自诉转公诉的域外考察及借鉴  

Overseas Investigation and Reference on the Transfer of Private Prosecution to Public Prosecution of Cyber Defamation Crime

作　　者：赵天水[1] ZHAO Tian-shui

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学法学院,天津300222

出　　处：《江苏警官学院学报》2021年第4期63-69,共7页Journal of Jiangsu Police Institute

基　　金：2021年度最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“涉外网络犯罪刑事管辖权研究”(GJ2021D27)。

摘　　要："杭州快递诽谤案"折射出我国网络诽谤案件自诉转公诉的程序衔接缺乏立法规定,"被害人撤诉论"由于缺乏法律支撑而无法彻底解决该问题,域外经验可为我国网络诽谤案件自诉转公诉程序的重构提供"他山之石"。诽谤罪除罪化已成世界趋势,我国应顺势改变自诉与公诉的分类标准。在明确诽谤法律制度价值倾向的基础上,以原告提起民事诉讼作为公诉的前置程序。德国、我国台湾地区均借助担当诉讼解决自诉困境,我国不能照搬适用,应以尊重自诉人意愿为宗旨对担当诉讼进行本土化改造。可以借鉴俄罗斯和我国澳门地区的立法经验,将自诉转公诉案件与公诉转自诉案件统一以自诉—公诉案件进行称谓并根据案件性质设置不同的诉讼程序。英国诽谤法中举证责任倒置的保护倾向与我国《宪法》确认的言论自由权优先的立法理念相斥。"Hangzhou Express defamation case" reflects the lack of legislative provisions for the connection of procedures from private prosecution to public prosecution in China’s online defamation cases. The "victim withdrawal theory" cannot completely solve this problem due to the lack of legal support. The experience from abroad can provide reference for the reconstruction of procedures from private prosecution to public prosecution in China’s online defamation cases. The decriminalization of libel has become a worldwide trend,and China should change the classification standard of private prosecution and public prosecution. On the basis of clarifying the value orientation of libel legal system, the civil action of the plaintiff is the pre-procedure of public prosecution. Germany and Chinese Taiwan both solve the dilemma of private prosecution with the help of bear litigation, which cannot be copied in Our country. We can learn from the legislative experience of Russia and Chinese Macao, and unify the cases of private prosecution to private prosecution with the title of private prosecutor-public prosecution and set up different litigation procedures according to the nature of the cases. The protection tendency of inversion of burden of proof in English libel law is in conflict with the legislative idea that the right of freedom of speech is given priority in China’s Constitution.

关 键 词：网络诽谤 自诉转公诉 诉讼程序 

分 类 号：D918.2[政治法律—法学]