培肥方式对陇中旱农区玉米光合特性和产量的影响  

Effects of Soil Amendment on Maize Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Arid Areas of Central Gansu

作　　者：康彩睿 谢军红[1] 李玲玲[1] 王进斌 王嘉男 郭喜军 彭正凯[1] Setor kwami Fudjoe 王林林 KANG Cai-rui;XIE Jun-hong;LI Ling-ling;WANG Jin-bin;WANG Jia-nan;GUO Xi-jun;PENG Zheng-kai;Setor kwami Fudjoe;WANG Lin-lin(Gansu Provincial Key Lab.of Arid Land Crop Sciences/Agronomy College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《玉米科学》2021年第5期113-120,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31761143004和31660373);甘肃省干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室培育基地(GSCS-2019-Z04);甘肃省国际科技合作基地(GSPT-2018-56)。

摘　　要：依托2012年设在陇中旱农区的田间定位试验,设置单施化肥(CF)、有机肥+化肥(SC)、单施有机肥(SM)、单施玉米秸秆(MS)和不施肥对照(NA)5个处理,研究培肥方式对全膜双垄沟播玉米叶绿素含量(SPAD)、光合特性、叶面积指数、干物质积累和产量的影响。结果表明,单施化肥和有机肥化肥配施显著增强了玉米光合作用,4种培肥方式均增加了玉米叶片叶绿素含量和叶面积指数,CF、SC、SM和MS处理较NA分别增加了74.6%和80.0%、64.5%和74.0%、18.9%和28.9%、12.9%和25.8%。在各生育时期,CF和SC处理干物质积累量显著高于NA处理。CF和SC处理显著提高了玉米产量,子粒产量较NA分别增加了148.7%和119.1%,生物产量较NA分别增加了118.4%和105.0%。在陇中旱农区应用全膜双垄沟播技术种植玉米,化肥单施和有机肥配施化肥均可通过增加叶片叶绿素含量和叶面积指数改善光合作用,从而提高玉米产量。要维持玉米产量的可持续提高,有机肥化肥配施更加适宜。The effects of soil amendments on chlorophyll content(SPAD), photosynthetic characteristics, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and yield under full film double ridge were studied relied on the positioning test set up in 2012 in the loess plateau rainfed farming area. There were five treatments: CF, chemical nitrogen fertilizer;SC, chemical nitrogen fertilizer + organic fertilizer;SM, organic fertilizer;MS, maize straw and NA, no nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that the photosynthetic characteristics of maize were significantly enhanced by CF and SC. All four soil amendment treatments increased the chlorophyll content and leaf area index of maize leaves. Treatments CF, SC, SM and MS increased the chlorophyll content and leaf area index by 74.6% and 80.0%, 64.5% and74.0%, 18.9% and 28.9%, 12.9% and 25.8% compared to NA, respectively. In each growth period, dry matter accumulation under CF and SC treatment was significantly higher than that under NA treatment. Treatments CF and SC increased yield and biomass by 148.7% and 118.4%, 119.1% and 105.0% compared to NA, respectively. In conclusion, chemical nitrogen fertilizer and chemical nitrogen fertilizer + organic fertilizer can improve photosynthesis by increasing leaf chlorophyll content and leaf area index, thus increasing maize yield. The suitable soil amendment of plastic film fully mulched ridge-furrow planting maize is chemical nitrogen fertilizer + organic fertilizer.

关 键 词：玉米 全膜双垄沟播 培肥方式 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]