三门峡市某铬盐生产企业职工职业健康检查结果分析  

Analysis of occupational health examination results of workers in a chromium-salt production enterprise in Sanmenxia

作　　者：赵祖昌[1] 徐益勤 付丛丛[1] 梁宁[1] 杨彩琴[2] Zhao Zuchang;Xu Yiqin;Fu Congcong;Liang Ning;Yang Caiqin(Sanmenxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Sanmenxia 472000,China;Sanmenxia Central Hospital,Sanmenxia 472000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省三门峡市疾病预防控制中心,472000 [2]河南省三门峡市中心医院,472000

出　　处：《中国实用医刊》2021年第17期49-51,共3页Chinese Journal of Practical Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析三门峡市某铬盐生产企业职工的职业健康检查结果。方法对三门峡市某铬盐生产企业的177例作业人员进行职业健康检查,根据职工工种是否接触铬盐将其分为接触组143例和对照组34例。健康检查项目包括:职业史、问诊、内科常规检查(血压、心率、呼吸频率)、鼻及咽部常规检查、皮肤科常规检查、血常规、尿常规、血铬、尿铬、肝功能、心电图、胸部X线片、肺功能和腹部B超(肝、胆、脾、肾);对检查结果进行统计分析,并分析铬作业工人的工龄与鼻部疾病患病率的关系。结果接触组鼻部疾病检出率(36.36%,52/143)高于对照组(8.82%,3/34),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。工龄≤5年组、6~10年组、11~15年组、16~20年组、21~25年组、≥26年组铬作业工人的鼻部疾病患病比(率)分别为0、15.63%(5/32)、35.48%(11/31)、41.51%(22/53)、11/18、3/7,铬鼻病患病比(率)依次增高(χ^(2)=12.502,P=0.019)。接触组血铬、尿铬含量的中位数(6.4μg/L、6.9μg/g)均高于对照组(3.9μg/L、0.8μg/g),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论长期接触铬酸盐可导致铬作业工人鼻部疾病患病率增加,企业需提高职业病防范意识,加强员工职业病防护工作。Objective To analyze the occupational health examination results of workers in a chromium-salt production enterprise in Sanmenxia.Methods A total of 177 workers in a chromium-salt production enterprise in Sanmenxia received occupational health examination,and they were divided into contact group(143 cases)and control group(34 cases)according to whether the workers were exposed to chromium-salt.Health examination items included occupational history,consultation,routine medical examination(blood pressure,heart rate,respiratory rate),routine nasal and pharyngeal examination,routine dermatological examination,routine blood and urine examination,blood chromium,urine chromium,liver function,electrocardiogram,chest X-ray,lung function and abdominal B-ultrasound(liver,gallbladder,spleen,kidney).The results were statistically analyzed,and the relationship of the length of service with the prevalence of nasal diseases was analyzed.Results The detection rate of nose disease in contact group(36.36%,52/143)was higher than that in control group(8.82%,3/34),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The prevalence rate of nasal diseases in workers with less than 5 years of service,6-10 years of service,11-15 years of service,16-20 years of service,21-25 years of service,and≥26 years of service were 0,15.63%(5/32),35.48%(11/31),41.51%(22/53),11/8,and 3/7,respectively,the prevalence rate of chromium rhinopathy increased in turn(χ^(2)=12.502,P=0.019).The median of blood chromium and urine chromium in the contact group(6.4μg/L,6.9μg/g)were higher than those in the control group(3.9μg/L,0.8μg/g),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions Long-term exposure to chromate can lead to an increase in the prevalence rate of nasal disease among workers with chromium.The enterprise should improve the awareness of occupational disease prevention and strengthen the occupational disease prevention.

关 键 词：铬酸盐 职业健康检查 健康损害 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]