马克思论市民社会的经济性质——基于黑格尔法哲学批判的讨论  

Marx On the Economic Nature of Civil Society:A Perspective from the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right

作　　者：邹诗鹏[1] Zou Shipeng

机构地区：[1]复旦大学当代国外马克思主义研究中心暨哲学学院

出　　处：《马克思主义与现实》2021年第5期45-56,196,共13页Marxism & Reality

摘　　要：马克思对市民社会的理解与黑格尔有很大区别。通过对市民社会及其演进历史的分析,通过破解黑格尔赋予市民社会那种同一于政治国家的伪政治性质,通过确立"市民社会的唯物主义",通过揭示市民社会的非政治性与非伦理性,通过区分"资产者"与"公民"或"市民"、并将市民社会或资产阶级社会与公民社会区分开来,将市民社会即资产阶级的政治解放与社会解放以及人自身的解放区分开来,马克思揭示了市民社会的经济性质,并确证了经济性质的现代市民社会之实存。经济性质的市民社会之实存在马克思随后展开的市民社会批判及其理论创造中开展为多个路向:一是实现对市民社会的历史结构分析及其内在批判,特别表达为以《资本论》为核心的资产阶级社会的政治经济学批判;二是展开为对包含利己主义、无政府主义、古典自由主义以及拜物教在内的多重价值观及意识形态的批判;三是通过将物质生活这一广义的市民社会概念看成历史的存在论基础,创建了唯物史观,实现从市民社会即资产阶级社会向人类社会的革命性转变。This article sheds light on the notably divergent views about the civil society between Marx and Hegel.By analyzing the historic process of the civil society,eradicating the false political character which is identical with the political state that Hegel gave civil society,establishing the right concept of the materialism of civil society,and making a distinction between property owners and citizens,a distinction between the bourgeois society and the civil society,a distinction between the political liberation of the bourgeoisie and social liberation,Marx revealed the economic nature of civil society and then confirmed its relevance for modern civil society.The reality of the economic nature of civil society brings an open space in threefold for Marx’s criticism of civil society.Firstly,Marx fully analyzed the historical structure of civil society.Secondly,he put forward the critique toward egoism,anarchism,classical liberalism,and fetishism.Thirdly,he created historical materialism which presented revolutionary transformation from bourgeois society to human society.

关 键 词：马克思 市民社会 经济性质 黑格尔法哲学批判 唯物史观 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] D90[政治法律—法学理论]