长沙市大学生无偿献血认知现况及学校、家庭因素对其影响的调查分析  

Analysis of college and family influencing factors on college students’blood donation cognition in Changsha city

作　　者：黄璨 李涛[1] 易星 李双[1] 李咏梅[1] HUANG Can;LI Tao;YI Xing;LI Shuang;LI Yong-mei(Changsha Blood Center,Changsha,Hunan 410001,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙血液中心,湖南长沙410001

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2021年第20期3774-3778,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：长沙市卫生健康委员会(swjw201815)。

摘　　要：目的了解长沙市大学生对无偿献血知识的认知情况,分析学校、家庭等因素对其认知情况的影响,为高校献血招募提供方向。方法在长沙市高校学生中进行多阶段分层整群随机抽样抽取部分学生,利用自制问卷《大学生无偿献血知识调查问卷》进行自填式问卷调查。采用Cronbachα系数法和因子分析评价问卷的信效度,t检验/方差分析、多元线性回归等方法统计分析大学生无偿献血知识的认知现况及其影响因素。结果大学生对单次献血量的知晓最好,对免费用血政策的知晓最差。学校等级(t=6.752,P<0.05)、专业类别(F=24.360,P<0.05)、所在年级(F=6.645,P<0.05)、是否任学生干部(t=4.050,P<0.05)以及户籍地(t=-2.409,P<0.05)、家人中是否有无偿献血者(F=21.850,P<0.05)等因素,导致大学生无偿献血认知存在差异,且差异有统计学意义。学校等级对大学生无偿献血认知的影响最大,所在年级对大学生无偿献血认知的影响最小。结论学校、家庭因素对大学生无偿献血认知存在不可忽视的影响,可结合不同学校和家庭背景针对性地调整高校献血动员的宣讲内容,优化无偿献血的宣传策略。Objective To understand the cognition of college students on the knowledge of voluntary blood donation in Changsha city,to analyze the influence of school and family factors on their cognition,then to provide directions for the recruitment of blood donors in colleges.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was performed among college students in Changsha city,and a self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted by using the"Questionnaire on Knowledge of College Students’Voluntary Blood Donation".Cronbachαcoefficient method and factor analysis were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire,t-test of variance,multiple linear regression and other methods were used to analyze the cognition status and influencing factors of the knowledge of voluntary blood donation among college students.Results College students had the best knowledge about the quantity of blood donated per time,and the least knowledge about the policy of free blood use.The cognition of voluntary blood donation were different from factors such as school level(t=6.752,P<0.05),major category(F=24.360,P<0.05),grade(F=6.645,P<0.05),student cadre(t=4.050,P<0.05),residence place(t=-2.409,P<0.05)and family members(F=21.850,P<0.05),and these differences were statistically significant.The school level had the greatest influence on the cognition of voluntary blood donation,while the grade had the least influence on the cognition of voluntary blood donation.Conclusion School and family factors have a non-negligible influence on the cognition of voluntary blood donation among college students.Therefore,the publicizing content of blood donation mobilization in colleges and universities can be adjusted according to different school and family backgrounds to optimize the promotion strategy of voluntary blood donation.

关 键 词：大学生 无偿献血 认知 影响因素 现况调查 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]