海洋生物固氮研究进展  

Research progress in marine biological nitrogen fixation

作　　者：李志红 李劲尤 刘甲星 LI Zhihong;LI Jinyou;LIU Jiaxing(Development Promotion Center of Marine Fishery Science and Technology,Ocean Development Experimental Zone of Wanshan,Zhuhai 519005,China;School of Data Science,City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong,China;Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458,China)

机构地区：[1]珠海万山海洋开发试验区海洋渔业科技发展促进中心,珠海519005 [2]香港城市大学,数据科学学院,中国香港 [3]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,海洋生物资源可持续利用重点实验室,广州510301 [4]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广州511458

出　　处：《生态科学》2021年第5期215-230,共16页Ecological Science

基　　金：科技基础资源调查专项(2018FY100105);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0401);广东省促进经济高质量发展专项资金海洋经济发展项目(GDOE[2019]A32);国家自然科学基金(41806198,31971432);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2019A1515010896);广州市科技计划项目(202102020279)。

摘　　要：海洋生物固氮因可以支持初级生产所需的氮而在全球碳氮循环中具有重要作用。从二十世纪九十年代分子生物学和15N2同位素示踪法应用于固氮研究领域以来,逐渐发现了单细胞固氮蓝藻和异养固氮细菌的重要性,是近年来海洋固氮研究领域的最大进展之一,表明以前基于束毛藻为主要固氮生物估算的固氮量可能低估了生物固氮在全球海洋生物地球化学循环中的地位。另一方面,传统的海洋生物固氮研究仅局限于热带亚热带的寡营养盐区域,对高营养盐区域如上升流、河口等高营养盐区域较少关注,因此有必要对这些区域的生物固氮进行重新评估和再认识。综述了国际固氮研究的最近进展,主要包括固氮生物多样性及分布特征、生物固氮的限制性因素、研究方法以及存在的问题。同时综述了南海生物固氮方面的最新进展和问题。Marine nitrogen fixation plays an important role in the global carbon and nitrogen cycles because it can support the nitrogen required for primary production.The importance of unicellular nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and heterotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria has gradually been known since the application of molecular biology and 15N2 isotope tracing in nitrogen fixation study in the 1990s.Firstly,it is suggested that the nitrogen fixation amount estimated based on Trichodesmium may be underestimated.Secondly,traditional study of marine biological nitrogen fixation is limited to the tropical and subtropical oligotrophic regions,while less attention has been paid to high nutrient regions such as upwelling and estuaries.Therefore,it is necessary to re-evaluate and re-understand the nitrogen fixation in these regions.This article reviewed the recent progress of nitrogen fixation,including biodiversity and distribution of diazotrophs,limiting factors,methods,and existing question.In addition,the latest progress and question of nitrogen fixation in the South China Sea were also reviewed.

关 键 词：海洋生物固氮 单细胞固氮蓝藻 异养固氮细菌 分子生物学技术 高营养区域 南海 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学]