2012年中美两国干旱的对比分析  

Comparative Analysis of Drought in China and the United States in 2012

作　　者：刘书言 荣艳淑[1] 吕星月 殷雨婷 LIU Shuyan;RONG Yanshu;LYU Xingyue;YIN Yuting(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Beijing Golden-water Info-tech.Ltd,Beijing 101400,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [2]北京金水信息技术发展有限公司,北京101400

出　　处：《干旱气象》2021年第5期717-726,共10页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2016YFA0601504)资助。

摘　　要：利用GPCC逐月降水资料、NCEP/NCAR环流场再分析数据以及NOAA逐月海温数据等,分析2012年中美两国干旱演变特征及可能的成因。结果表明:(1)2012年,中国旱情较轻,且时间不连续、空间分布零散,而美国出现了创纪录的干旱,且干旱时空连续,强度显著强于中国。(2)2012年,中国平均气温接近常年,而美国出现了创纪录的高温,高温加剧了空气干燥,使干旱更加严重。(3)2012年中美干旱过程与拉尼娜事件相关联。2010年7月至2012年2月,连续出现2次拉尼娜事件。赤道中、东太平洋持续的低温,使得美国长时间受高压脊控制,盛行下沉气流,特别是2012年夏季,北美—北大西洋副热带高压显著增强,美国出现了创记录的高温和更加严重的夏旱。与此同时,中国地区在2011/2012年冬季、2012年春秋季受高压脊控制,盛行下沉气流,干旱相对偏强,但在2012年夏季,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱、位置偏南偏东,对中国大陆影响较小,中国夏旱并不严重。Based on the monthly precipitation grid data from GPCC, reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR and sea surface temperature(SST) from NOAA, etc, the evolution characteristics of drought and its possible causes in China and the United States in 2012 were analyzed. The results are as follows:(1) In 2012, the drought was light in China, and it was discontinuous in time and disperse in space, while the drought in the United States reached a record high level, and the spatio-temporal distribution of drought was continuous, and the intensity of drought was significantly stronger than that in China.(2) In 2012, the average temperature was close to normal in China, while in the United States, a record high temperature occurred, which aggravated the air drying, and further the drought was more serious.(3) There were connections between drought in China and the United States in 2012 and La Nina event. La Nina events with a short interval of four months occurred twice from July 2010 to February 2012. The high-pressure ridge controlled the United States for a long time due to the persistent low temperature in the equatorial central and eastern Pacific, and the downdraft prevailed over the United States, especially the North American-North Atlantic subtropical high strengthened significantly in summer of 2012, which caused the record high temperature and more serious drought in the United States in summer. Meanwhile, the high pressure ridge controlled China in winter of 2011/2012, spring and autumn of 2012, and the downdraft prevailed over China, so the intensity of drought was relatively strong. In summer of 2012, the intensity of the western Pacific subtropical high was weak, and its location was more southward and eastward than normal, which had few influence on Chinese mainland. Therefore, the summer drought in China wasn’t serious.

关 键 词：中国 美国 干旱演变特征 干旱成因 拉尼娜事件 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]