模拟降雨条件下坡度对关中地区塿土溅蚀的影响  

Influence of Slope on Splash Erosion of Lou Soil in Guanzhong Area Under Simulated Rainfall

作　　者：王子轩 吴发启[2] WANG Zixuan;WU Faqi(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;School of Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《土壤学报》2021年第6期1416-1422,共7页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41977065)资助。

摘　　要：为掌握关中地区坡耕地上坡度对溅蚀量以及溅蚀距离的影响,深入探究不同坡度对单位面积溅蚀量影响的潜在机理。以陕西关中地区塿土为研究对象,选用5个具有不同坡度(0°,5°,10°,15°,20°)的装土槽进行单位面积土坡的模拟。使用针头式模拟降雨机进行模拟降雨试验,通过溅蚀收集装置对模拟降雨结束后的不同方向和不同距离范围的溅蚀量进行收集。结果表明:在0°~20°坡度范围内,溅蚀总分散量,溅蚀净搬运量以及向下坡溅蚀量随着坡度的增大呈现出不同的上升趋势。向上坡溅蚀量在0°~15°范围内呈减少趋势,在15°~20°范围内呈增加趋势。溅蚀距离随着坡度的增大而增大。研究结果对深入探究溅蚀的潜在机理有着重要作用。【Objective】Soil erosion is a major contributor to the loss of land resources,and hinders development of the agricultural production and construction of the ecological civilization.The purpose of this study is to explore impacts of slope gradient on amount and distance of splash erosion.【Method】Using splash collectors that can be adjusted towards eight directions separately,five troughs packed with lou soil and set at a slope gradient of 0°,5°,10°,15°and 20°,separately and a new model of needle spinkling device driven by a linear vibration motor,simulated rain-splash erosion experiments were carried out to explore relationships between slope gradient with amount and distance of splash erosion.【Results】(1)The amount of splash erosion on the slope of 0°,5°,10°,15°and 20°was measured to be 0.486 g,0.871 g,1.235 g,1.757 g and 3.570 g,respectively.It can be seen that a linear relationship between slope and amount of downward splash erosion was observed with y=0.1411x+0.173 and R^(2)=0.9983 in the range of 0°~20°.The amount of downward splash erosion on the slope of 0°,5°,10°,15°and 20°reached 0.632 g,0.629 g,0.621 g,0.557 g and 0.588 g respectively.(2)The total amount of splash erosion on the slope of 0°,5°,10°,15°and 20°was 3.815g,3.902g,4.106g,4.889 g and 6.657 g,respectively,from which a binary function relationship was observed with y=0.0156 x^(2)-0.21 x+4.5815 and R^(2)=0.9983 between total amount of dispersed splash erosion and slope.(3)the net sediment transportation volume of splash erosion on the slope of 0°,5°,10°,15°and 20°was-0.148 g,0.242 g,0.614 g,1.200g and 2.982 g,respectively.(4)the percentage of the splash erosion of first round on 0°,5°,10°,15°and 20°slope was 46%,34%,33%,30%and 29%,respectively,while the percentage of the splash erosion of the third round was 10%,5%,13%,17%and 23%,respectively.【Conclusion】On the slope varying in the range of 0°~20°,with rising slope gradient,the total amount of dispersed splash erosion,the net sediment carrying amoun

关 键 词：坡度 向下坡溅蚀量 溅蚀总分散量 溅蚀净搬运量 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]