不同整地措施坡面土壤水分时空分布特征  

Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Soil Moisture on Slopes Relative to Land Preparation Measure

作　　者：程谅 焦雄 邸涵悦 熊翱宇 郭忠录[1] CHENG Liang;JIAO Xiong;DI Hanyue;XIONG Aoyu;GUO Zhonglu(Research Center of Water and Soil Conservation,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Central Southern China Electric Power Design Institute,China Power Engineering Consulting(Group)Corporation,Wuhan 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水土保持研究中心,武汉430070 [2]中国电力工程顾问集团中南电力设计院有限公司,武汉430071

出　　处：《土壤学报》2021年第6期1423-1435,共13页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0505405)资助。

摘　　要：了解不同整地措施的梯田果园土壤水分的时空异质性及影响机制对提升林果产业发展具有重要意义。以赣南小洋小流域脐橙果园开发示范区内的3种典型的土地利用结构坡面(优化整地坡面、粗放整地坡面、未整地荒草地坡面)和4种土地利用类型(优化整地果园、粗放整地果园、荒草地、农地)为研究对象,研究其在0~100 cm土壤剖面上的水分时空分布特征及主控地形因子。结果表明:不同土地利用类型土壤含水量在雨季表现为农地>粗放整地果园>优化整地果园>荒草地,果园之间无显著差异,其他土地利用之间差异均显著(P<0.05);在旱季为农地>优化整地果园>粗放整地果园>荒草地,荒草地和粗放整地果园土壤含水量大幅降低,要显著低于优化整地果园(P<0.05)。在不同坡位,雨季与旱季土壤含水量从坡顶到坡脚均表现为逐渐升高趋势,且坡上、中、下部位的差异均很小。通过冗余分析也发现雨季和旱季土壤水分异质性的主控因子分别为坡位和土地利用类型(P<0.01),均通过表层(0~20 cm)土壤来影响水分分布。整地措施对坡面土壤水分的空间异质性提升明显,且显著提升了坡面在雨季对降雨的入渗能力,同时优化整地措施显著提升了梯田表层土壤在旱季的蓄水保水能力。研究结论可为区域内整地措施空间布局优化以及水土流失的综合治理提供理论依据。【Objective】How to arrange rationally land preparation measures on terraced slopes affects runoff generation,rainfall infiltration,and water conservation capacity,thereon.It’s of great significance to understand the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of soil moisture in terraced orchards different in land preparation measure and its mechanism,for promoting development of the forest and fruit industry.【Method】For this paper,the navel orange orchard development demonstration area in the small watershed of Xiaoyang in a low hilly red soil region in South China is selected as the research area.Three slopes,typical of the area,but different in land use structure(optimally prepared terraced slope,extensively prepared terraced slope,and unprepared waste grassland slope)and four types of land use(orchard on optimally prepared terraced slope,orchard on extensively prepared terraced slope,waste grassland,and cropland)were selected as the research objects for the study on spatio-temporal distribution of soil water relative to land preparation and land use.Soil water content in five soil layers(0~20,20~40,40~60,60~80 and 80~100 cm)at five slope positions(top slope,upper slope,middle slope,lower slope,and toe slope)on all the four slopes was monitored in both seasons(rainy and dry season).And redundant analysis was performed to determine the main terrain factors(including slope position,slope,land use type and altitude)that affect spatio-temporal distribution of soil water content in different seasons and soil layers.【Result】Results show:1)soil water content during the rainy season varied with land use of a slope,exhibiting an order of slope of cropland(0.4088 m^(3)·m^(-3))>orchard on extensively prepared terraced slope(0.3227 m^(3)·m^(-3))>orchard on optimally prepared terraced slope(0.3078 m^(3)·m^(-3))>slope of waste grassland(0.2739 m^(3)·m^(-3)).Apparently,the two orchards did not differ much,but did significantly from the other two.During the dry season,soil water content decreased much faster in the slope o

关 键 词：整地措施 坡面 土地利用结构 土壤含水量 时空分布 冗余分析 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]