分子标记辅助选育兼抗赤霉病、白粉病和黄花叶病毒病的小麦新品系  

Molecular marker-assisted breeding of new wheat lines with resistances to Fusarium head blight,powdery mildew and wheat yellow mosaic virus

作　　者：蒋正宁[1] 赵仁慧[1] 陈甜甜[1] 王玲[1] 吕国锋[1] 臧淑江[1] 别同德[1] JIANG Zheng-ning;ZHAO Ren-hui;CHEN Tian-tian;WANG Ling;LYU Guo-feng;ZANG Shu-jiang;BIE Tong-de(Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Low&Middle Yangtze River Valley Winter Wheat Region/Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Lixiahe District in Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou 225007,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所/农业部长江中下游小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,江苏扬州225007

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2021年第5期1100-1107,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0101601);国家自然科学基金项目(32072065)。

摘　　要：小麦赤霉病、白粉病和黄花叶病毒病是长江中下游麦区的主要病害,因此培育多抗品种是小麦绿色生产的基础。扬麦18是多抗高产小麦品种,具有抗赤霉病基因Fhb1、抗白粉病基因Pm21和抗黄花叶病毒病数量性状位点(QTL)QYm.njau-5A,其不足是株高较高、抗倒性差。扬麦22是抗白粉病的高产品种,携带抗白粉病基因PmV,但中感赤霉病,高感黄花叶病毒病。为了培育矮秆抗倒、兼抗3种病害的小麦新品系,以扬麦18/扬麦22重组自交系群体(RIL)为材料,研究Fhb1、QYm.njau-5A在群体中的分布及其对株高、粒质量的遗传效应,并对多基因聚合效率进行评估。结果表明,在RIL群体中,Fhb1、QYm.njau-5A的分布频率分别为49.0%、50.5%,符合Hardy-Weinberg定律,说明二者可在亲子代自由传递;Fhb1阳性RIL组群的平均病小穗数显著低于Fhb1阴性RIL组群,Pm21、PmV阳性RIL家系均表现为高抗白粉病;单个QYm.njau-5A能够满足抗小麦黄花叶病毒病的育种需求;Fhb1对株高、粒质量没有显著影响;QYm.njau-5A对株高有显著的增效作用,对粒质量没有显著影响;育成兼抗3种病害的矮秆高产新品系(组合)扬17J103、扬杂麦1号进入区域试验。研究结果为利用分子标记辅助选择技术培育矮秆多抗小麦新品种提供了优异的育种材料和理论依据。Fusarium head blight,powdery mildew and wheat yellow mosaic virus are three major wheat diseases in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.Breeding of multiple-resistant wheat varieties is the basis of green production.Yangmai 18 is a high-yield variety carrying Fhb1,Pm21 and QYm.njau-5A,leading to the resistances to Fusarium head blight,powdery mildew and yellow mosaic virus,respectively,but it has poor lodging resistance.Yangmai 22 carrying PmV is also a high-yield and powdery mildew resistant variety,but moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight and highly susceptible to yellow mosaic virus.To breed new wheat lines with resistance to lodging and three diseases,the distribution of Fhb1 and QYm.njau-5A in Yangmai 18/Yangmai 22 recombinant inbred line(RIL)population and their genetic effects on plant height and grain weight were studied,and the efficiency of polygene polymerization was evaluated.The results showed that distribution frequencies of Fhb1 and QYm.njau-5A in RIL population were 49.0%and 50.5%,respectively,which accorded with Hardy-Weinberg law,indicating that both the genes could be freely transmitted from parent to offspring.The average number of diseased spikelets in Fhb1 positive RIL group was significantly lower than that in Fhb1 negative RIL group.All the RIL families carrying Pm21 or PmV showed high resistance to powdery mildew.A single QYm.njau-5A could meet the breeding needs of wheat lines with resistance to yellow mosaic virus.Fhb1 had no significant effect on plant height and kernel weight.Qym.njau-5A had significant synergistic effect on plant height,but had no significant effect on kernel weight.The dwarf and high-yield lines Yang 17J103 and Yangzamai 1 with resistance to three diseases were bred.These results provide excellent breeding materials and theoretical basis for breeding dwarf and multi-resistance wheat varieties by molecular marker-assisted selection.

关 键 词：小麦 抗病基因 聚合育种 赤霉病 白粉病 黄花叶病毒病 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] Q343.245[生物学—遗传学]