不同栽培模式对江苏省夏玉米产量和氮素利用的影响  

Effects of different cultivation patterns on the yield and nitrogen utilization of summer maize in Jiangsu province

作　　者：傅鹏霄 王珏[1] 李广浩 陆卫平[1] 陆大雷[1] FU Peng-xiao;WANG Jue;LI Guang-hao;LU Wei-ping;LU Da-lei(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,College of Agriculture,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院,江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2021年第5期1151-1159,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300109);国家自然科学基金项目(31771709);江苏省现代农业产业技术体系项目[JATS(2020)444];江苏省作物学优势学科项目。

摘　　要：为了明确不同栽培模式下江苏省夏玉米产量和氮素利用率的变化,为江苏省夏玉米高产高效轻简生产提供理论依据,以江玉877(江苏省主推品种)为材料,研究了夏玉米籽粒产量、干物质和氮素积累转运在4种栽培模式[基础地力水平(CK)、农户栽培模式(FL)、高产高效栽培模式(HH)、超高产栽培模式(SH)]间的差异。结果表明,栽培模式对夏玉米产量和氮素吸收利用有显著影响。与FL模式相比,HH、SH模式3年平均千粒质量分别增加4.3%和0.8%,产量分别增加20.6%和23.6%,吐丝期叶面积指数分别增加15.6%和20.2%,干物质积累量分别增加26.3%和28.1%,花前干物质积累量对籽粒产量贡献率分别增加6.6%和2.4%,氮素积累量分别增加13.9%和31.9%,氮素转运量分别增加了20.5%和39.2%。不同模式下,HH模式更有利于提高夏玉米氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用效率和氮素利用率。SH模式较FL模式氮素利用率增加。在江苏省夏玉米生产中,通过合理增加种植密度,肥料改普通复合肥基施+拔节期撒施氮肥为缓控释肥一次性基施,种肥同播,可达到节省肥料、增产的目标,实现绿色优质高产高效轻简生产。The effects of different cultivation patterns on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize in Jiangsu province were charified to provide theoretical basis for high yield,high efficiency and simple production of summer maize.The differences in grain yield,accumulation and transport of dry matter and nitrogen under four cultivation modes[basic soil fertility level(CK),farmer level(FL),high yield and high efficiency level(HH)and super-high yield level(SH)]were compared using Jiangyu 877(one of the main promoted variety in Jiangsu province)as materials.Results showed that planting patterns had significant effects on the yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization of summer maize.Compared with FL cultivation pattern,1000-grain weight increased by 4.3%and 0.8%under HH and SH cultivation pattems,yield increased by 20.6%and 23.6%,leaf area index increased by 15.6%and 20.2%at silking stage,dry matter accumulation increased by 26.3%and 28.1%,the contribution rate of pre-anthesis dry matter accumulation to grain yield increased by 6.6%and 2.4%,nitrogen accumulation by 13.9%and 31.9%,nitrogen transport increased by 20.5%and 39.2%,respectively.Under different modes,HH mode is more beneficial to improve nitrogen partial productivity,nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency and nitrogen utilization rate.Compared with that in FL treatment,the nitrogen utilization rate in SH treatment increased.In the production of summer corn in Jiangsu province,the goal of saving fertilizer and increasing yield,and green,high-quality,high-yield,high-efficiency and simple production can be achieved by increasing the planting density reasonably,changing fertilizer into slow and controlled release fertilizer,applying fertilizer and sowing seeds at the same time.

关 键 词：夏玉米 种植模式 产量 干物质 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]