紫云英不同时期还田部分替代化肥对氨挥发及水稻产量的影响  

Effects of different incorporation stages of Chinese milk vetch residue on ammonia volatilization loss and yield of rice

作　　者：胡中泽 衣政伟 王安 杨大柳 张岳芳[2] 陈留根[2] 王显 HU Zhong-ze;YI Zheng-wei;WANG An;YANG Da-liu;ZHANG Yue-fang;CHEN Liu-gen;WANG Xian(Institute of Taizhou Agricultural Science,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taizhou 225300,China;Key Lab of Agro-environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院泰州农科所,江苏泰州225300 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2021年第5期1160-1166,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300206);泰州农业科学院科技研发推广项目(TNY201919);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2019378)。

摘　　要：氨挥发是稻田氮肥损失的主要途径,研究紫云英还田对稻田氨挥发和水稻产量的综合影响对于合理利用绿肥以及稻田化肥减量有重要意义。本研究以稻麦轮作常规施氮(M)为对照,在紫云英旺长期(F1)、始花期(F2)、盛花期(F3)和初荚期(F4)翻压还田并减少稻季20%的化学氮肥用量,研究了紫云英不同时期还田部分替代化肥对氨挥发及水稻产量的影响。结果表明,水稻生长期间氨挥发损失总量随紫云英翻压还田时期的推迟呈先增加后减少的趋势,处理间无显著差异,但均较对照显著减少。F3、F4、F2处理的水稻产量较高,显著高于F1处理,但与对照的差异均未达到显著水平。F1、F2、F3、F4处理间氨挥发排放强度无显著差异,但均显著低于对照。不同翻压还田时期造成了紫云英干物质质量和氮素养分还田量的差异,最终影响了稻田氨挥发和水稻产量;减少化学氮肥的投入可以有效降低稻田氨挥发。说明,紫云英还田应选择在盛花期至初荚期进行,并减少稻季20%的化学氮肥用量,可在确保水稻高产前提下降低氨挥发排放强度。Ammonia volatilization is the main way of nitrogen loss in rice field.It is significant to study the comprehensive effects of incorporation of Chinese milk vetch residue on ammonia volatilization and rice yield for rational utilization of green manure and reduction of chemical fertilizer in the rice field.In this study,the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on ammonia volatilization and rice yield were studied under the condition of nitrogen fertilizer reduction by setting four different incorporation stages of Chinese milk vetch residue at rapid growth stage(F1),initial flowering stage(F2),full bloom stage(F3)and initial pod stage(F4)combining a 20%reduction of nitrogen application rate.The conventional nitrogen application under rice-wheat rotation(M)was set as control.The results showed that the total amount of ammonia volatilization loss increased first and then decreased with the delay of incorporation stages of Chinese milk vetch residue during rice season.There was no significant difference in the total amount of ammonia volatilization loss among different treatments,but it was significantly reduced compared with the control.The rice yield of F3,F4 and F2 treatments was higher than that of F1 treatment,but there was no significant difference with the control.The ammonia volatilization intensity of F1,F2,F3 and F4 treatments was significantly lower than that of M treatment.The difference of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of Chinese milk vetch was caused by different stages of residue incorporation,which ultimately affected the ammonia volatilization and rice yield.Reducing the application rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizer can effectively reduce the ammonia volatilization.It is suggested that Chinese milk vetch residue should be incorporated from the full bloom stage to the initial pod stage combining a 20%reduction of nitrogen application rate,which can reduce the intensity of ammonia volatilization under the premise of ensuring high yield of rice.

关 键 词：紫云英 还田时期 稻田 氨挥发 

分 类 号：S551.9[农业科学—作物学]