粮食安全视野下农民耕作行为研究  

Study on Farming Behavior in the Background of Food Security

作　　者：蔡禾[1] 王帅之 顾然 CAI He;WANG Shuai-zhi;GU Ran(Center of Urban Study,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;School of Sociology and Anthropology,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;Institute for Economic and Social Research,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学城市社会研究中心,广州510275 [2]中山大学社会学与人类学学院,广州510275 [3]暨南大学经济与社会研究院,广州510632

出　　处：《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第6期52-64,共13页Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(15ZDA046)。

摘　　要：农民耕作行为与粮食安全息息相关。本文在肯定经济学视角对农村土地弃耕现象解释的基础上,从社会学制度嵌入性视角来分析弃耕现象。采用中国劳动力动态调查(2018年)数据进行多层次模型分析后,发现村庄生产性基础设施公共产品的供给对土地弃耕有抑制作用,但生活性基础设施公共产品的供给对土地弃耕没有抑制作用;村庄内有粮食生产经济合作组织,土地弃耕现象受到抑制,但非粮食生产经济合作组织则没有作用;村庄内有宗族组织和较高的邻里关系水平,对土地弃耕会产生抑制作用。总体而言,农村非正式制度对土地弃耕现象有稳定而且重要的抑制作用。这源于进城务工的农民随时有返回农村的可能性,因而更愿意把耕地通过非正式途径短期流转给自己熟悉的人,而非单纯用耕地获得更高收益。因此,土地弃耕问题出现在乡村,但解决问题的根本出路在于城乡关系的调整。对于进城务工经商的农民,需要给他们提供生活保障,让农民有意愿把耕地最大化流转出去。对于留在农村的农民来说,则可以培养本地规模化经营户和农村专业合作社,增加农民的农业收入。Farmers’farming method is closely related to food security.Based on the confirmation of the explanation of phenomena of farmland abandonment in the countryside from the perspective of economics,this paper tries to make an analysis of this phenomena from the perspective of the institutional embeddedness in sociology.After a multi-layer model analysis of the data of China Labor-force Dynamic Survey(CLDS2018),the author of this paper has found out that farmland abandonment is suppressed by the supply of productive public goods instead of consumptive public goods.Farmland abandonment is also suppressed by the agricultural cooperation organization instead of economic cooperation organization.Meanwhile,clan organization and harmonious resident relationship can reduce the possibility of farmland abandonment.In conclusion,informal institutions play a more important role than formal institutions in the farmland abandonment.This is because the migrant workers have the possibilities of returning to the countryside,therefore,they are willing to rent their land to familiar people on a short-term basis instead of seeking more profit.Although it appears in rural area,the adjustment of the relation between rural and urban areas is the fundamental solution.For those migrant workers,life subsides should be provided to them so as to help them to rent their land farmland to the largest degree.For those remaining in the countryside,it is very necessary to cultivate local large-scale land managers and rural specialized cooperations in order to increase their agriculture income.

关 键 词：粮食安全 土地弃耕 嵌入性 正式制度 非正式制度 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]