人字果属植物药用亲缘学探讨  

Pharmacophylogenetic Investigation of Genus Dichocarpum

作　　者：何春年[1] 李珮[1] 郝大程[2] 肖培根[1] HE Chun-nian;LI Pei;HAO Da-cheng;XIAO Pei-gen(Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China;Biotechnology Institute,School of Environment and Chemical Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193 [2]大连交通大学环境化工学院生物技术研究所,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2021年第9期1512-1517,共6页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2016-I2M-1-012);国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项(2017ZX09101003-008)。

摘　　要：人字果属(Dichocarpum W.T.Wang&P.K.Hsiao)植物为毛茛科唐松草亚科多年生草本植物,为东亚大陆特有,主要分布在中国,多具有传统药用价值。为更好地发掘其药用潜力,对该属植物亲缘关系、化学成分和药理活性进行归纳总结,并对其药用亲缘学进行探讨。研究发现,在化学和分子水平上,人字果属和扁果草属(Isopyrum L.)具有较近的亲缘关系;从该属仅分离得到16个化合物,利用液质联用色谱方法鉴定出了120多个化合物,主要包括苄基异喹啉生物碱类、黄酮类、三萜皂苷类、氰类、内酯等,其中三萜皂苷类化合物主要存在于纵肋人字果系,提示该系是一个特殊的类群,在演化程度上比人字果系更高;人字果属中发现的苄基异喹啉生物碱具有抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性,这与耳状人字果治疗癫痫的传统应用相关。对人字果属植物的药用亲缘关系进行了初步探讨,有助于对该属植物药用资源进行保护和开发利用。The genus Dichocarpum W.T.Wang&P.K.Hsiao refers to perennial herbaceous plant in Thalictroideae,Ranunculaceae,which is endemic to eastern Asia continent and mainly distributed in China.This genus possesses medicinal values.In order to exploit its medicinal potential,this paper summarized the phylogenetic correlation,chemical ingredients,and pharmaceutical activities of the genus Dichocarpum.The genera Isopyrum L.and Dichocarpum were found to be closely related at the chemical and molecular levels.Only 16 compounds were isolated from this genus,but more than 120 compounds were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,mainly including benzylisoquinoline alkaloids,flavonoids,triterpenoid saponins,cyanides,and lactones.Among then,triterpenoid saponins were mainly present in Ser.Fargesiana,suggesting that this series was a special taxon that was more evolved than the Ser.Sutchuenensia.The benzylisoquinoline alkaloids found in the genus Dichocarpum have been proved effective in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity,consistent with the traditional application of D.auriculatum(Franchet)W.T.Wang&P.K.Hsiao for the treatment of epilepsy.This preliminary investigation on the pharmacophylogeny of the genus Dichocarpum will contribute to the conservation and exploitation of medicinal resources in this genus.

关 键 词：人字果属 药用亲缘学 化学分类学 亲缘关系 传统功效 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]