雄性剑尾鱼尾剑长度与营养状况联合作用对雌性剑尾鱼择偶标准的影响  

Combined Effect of Tail Sword Length and Nutritional Status of Male Swordtail on Female Swordtail Mate Selection Criteria

作　　者：孙平[1] 李航宇 陈德山 杨淑秀 张彦坤 杨兵坤 徐世晓[2] SUN Ping;LI Hangyu;CHEN Deshan;YANG Shuxiu;ZHANG Yankun;YANG Bingkun;XU Shixiao(Animal Science&Technology School,Henan University of Science&Technology,Luoyang 471023,China;Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学动物科技学院,河南洛阳471023 [2]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《河南科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第1期84-90,M0007,M0008,共9页Journal of Henan University of Science And Technology:Natural Science

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划基金项目(2014BAC05B04-04);青海省重点研发与转化计划项目(219-NK-173);河南省自然科学基金项目(182300410119);河南科技大学大学生研究训练计划项目(2020363)。

摘　　要：针对雌性剑尾鱼对雄性剑尾鱼尾剑长度与营养状况偏好的问题,设计了本试验,配偶选择试验采用析因设计法,考虑尾剑长度(长尾剑和短尾剑)和营养状况(饥饿14 d和正常饲喂)两个因素时雌鱼的配偶选择标准,采用行为选择箱记录试验鱼的偏好时间和交流行为等。研究结果显示:雌性剑尾鱼在面对营养状况一致的雄性时,会倾向于选择长尾剑雄性;而面对尾剑长度一致的雄性时,则倾向于选择饥饿处理的雄性;当面对长尾饥饿雄性与短尾正常雄性时,会倾向于选择长尾饥饿雄性作为配偶;但对短尾饥饿雄性和长尾正常雄性无明显偏好。饥饿增加了雄鱼与雌鱼的交流时间与交流次数,降低了雄鱼的运动速度以及胸鳍、尾鳍的摆动频率。雌性剑尾鱼偏好于长尾剑、饥饿处理的个体作为配偶。饥饿并没有增加雄鱼的活动性。雌鱼对饥饿雄鱼的偏好可能与饥饿使其表现出更强烈的交配偏好有关。This experiment was designed to explore the combined effects of tail length and nutritional status on mate selection of female swordtail fish(Xiphophorus helleri).In the mate selection experiment,the factorial design method was used to estimate the female mate selection criteria when considering the tail sword length(long tail sword and short tail sword)and nutritional status(14 days of starvation and normal feeding).Behavior selection box was used to record the preference time and communication behavior of experimental fish.The results show that female swordtail fish tendes to choose long-tailed sword males when facing males with the same nutritional status.When facing males with the same tail sword length,female swordtail fish tendes to choose starvation males.When facing long-tailed starving males vs short-tailed normal-fed males,female swordtail fish tendes to choose long-tailed hungry males as spouses.However,there is no obvious preference between short-tailed hungry males and long-tailed normal-fed males.Starvation increases the communication time and frequency between male and female fishes,decreases the movement speed and the swing frequency of pectoral fin and caudal fin of male fish.The female swordtail fish preferres the individuals with long-tailed sword and starving as spouses,and starvation does not increase the activity of males.The female′s preference for hungry males may be related to the stronger mating preference caused by hunger.

关 键 词：剑尾鱼 配偶选择 尾剑长度 营养状况 活动能力 交流行为 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]