130 t/h生物质循环流化床锅炉的设计与运行  

Design and Operation of 130 t/h Biomass Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler

作　　者：任高飞 王军 王君峰[3] 龚迎莉[1] 王瑀 杨海瑞[1] 张缦[1] REN Gao-fei;WANG Jun;WANG Jun-feng;GONG Ying-li;WANG Yu;YANG Hai-rui;ZHANG Man(Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;China Ship Research and Development Academy,Beijing 100101,China;Harbin Boiler Company Limited,Harbin 150046,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京100084 [2]中国舰船研究院,北京100101 [3]哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司,哈尔滨150046

出　　处：《电力学报》2021年第5期404-410,共7页Journal of Electric Power

摘　　要：生物质能是我国颇具发展潜力的可再生能源,也是实现生物固碳、绿色碳减排的载体。生物质发电有迫切的社会需求,其中,直燃发电技术在实现生物质大规模的资源化、减量化和无害化利用方面更具优势。循环流化床由于具有燃料适应性广、污染物控制成本低的优点,在生物质直燃发电领域得到广泛应用。分析了生物质燃料的金属含量、挥发分、热值、灰分、硫分等方面的特殊性,针对生物质燃料的特殊性,开发了一台燃用生物质混料的130 t/h高温高压生物质循环流化床锅炉,锅炉设计针对生物质燃料的特性,通过综合考虑燃料成分配比、床温的选取、风量的分配、燃料停留时间的控制,解决了床温控制、高炉膛结渣、回料阀聚团、尾部对流、受热面的积灰、锅炉受热面的腐蚀,以及分离器后燃现象等问题,在解决燃尽、污染物排放以及炉膛结渣等方面,锅炉的效能明显优化。在投运6个月后,对该机组进行了运行评估,数据表明,设计值与运行值吻合良好,未出现由于积灰、结渣、腐蚀等问题而造成停炉,达到了设计要求。Biomass energy is the most potential renewable energy in China,and it is also the carrier to realize bio⁃logical carbon sequestration and green carbon emission reduction.Biomass power generation has urgent social needs.Among them,direct combustion power generation technology has more advantages in realizing large-scale resource utilization,reduction and harmless utilization of biomass.Circulating fluidized bed(CFB)is wide⁃ly used in biomass direct combustion power generation due to its advantages of wide fuel adaptability and low pollutant control cost.The particularity of metal content,volatile matter,calorific value,ash content and sulfur content of biomass fuels was analyzed.According to the particularity of biomass fuels,a 130 t/h high-tempera⁃ture and high-pressure biomass circulating fluidized bed boiler burning biomass mixture was developed.Accord⁃ing to the characteristics of biomass fuels,the boiler design solved the problems of bed temperature control,slag⁃ging in the high furnace,agglomeration of the return valve,tail convection,ash deposition on the heating surface,corrosion of the heating surface of the boiler,and afterburning of the separator by comprehensively considering the fuel composition ratio,the selection of bed temperature,the distribution of air flow,and the control of fuel residence time.The boiler efficiency was obviously optimized in solving the burnout,pollutant emission and slag⁃ging in the furnace.After 6 months of operation,the unit was evaluated.The operation data showed that the de⁃sign value was in good agreement with the operation value,and there was no shutdown due to ash deposition,slagging and corrosion,which met the design requirements.

关 键 词：生物质直燃发电 循环流化床锅炉 高温高压 设计 床温控制 高炉膛结渣 回料阀聚团 尾部对流 受热面的积灰 锅炉受热面的腐蚀 分离器后燃 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]