化学修饰提高核酸适体结合亲和力的研究进展  

Research Progress on Improving the Binding Affinity of Aptamers through Chemical Modification

作　　者：刘珂 靳宇 梁建功[1] 吴园 LIU Ke;JIN Yu;LIANG Jiangong;WU Yuan(College of Science,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学理学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《高等学校化学学报》2021年第11期3477-3492,共16页Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:21904046,22074048)资助。

摘　　要：核酸适体(Aptamer)是通过体外筛选得到的短单链DNA或RNA寡核苷酸,具有与抗体相当或更优异的特异性及亲和力,且具有靶标范围广、易制备和灵活可控修饰、免疫原性低、批次差异性小以及易于运输保存等优势,为食品、环境和生物医学等领域提供了全新的分子识别工具,获得了研究者的广泛关注.但是目前其商业应用的数量仍有限.为了增强核酸适体的应用性能,研究者对核酸适体进行了大量的改性研究.本文系统总结了核酸适体筛选前、后采用非共价或共价方式对其进行化学修饰,以增加核酸适体与靶标的结合亲和力的相关研究进展,并对未来发展前景进行了展望.Aptamers are short single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides obtained through in vitro systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment(SELEX).They possess high specificity and high affinity equivalent to or better than those of antibody.Moreover,they have been studied widely in food,environment,and biomedical fields due to many other advantages,such as wide range of targets,easy preparation,flexible and controllable modification,low immunogenicity,small batch variation,and easy storage.But so far,commercial applications of aptamers are still limited.Researchers have conducted numerous chemical modifications to enhance the performance of aptamers.This review focused on the non-covalent or covalent chemical modification of aptamers pre-and post-SELEX to increase the binding affinity of aptamer towards the target.It systematically summarized the research progress of chemical modification of aptamers in recent years and discussed the prospective of the future development.

关 键 词：核酸适体 指数富集配体系统进化技术 化学修饰 亲和力 

分 类 号：Q524[生物学—生物化学]