施氮量对砂姜黑土小麦−玉米轮作体系N_(2)O排放的影响  

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer amount on N_(2)O emission from wheat-maize rotation system in lime concretion black soil

作　　者：吕金岭[1,2] 高燕哺 李太魁 孔海江[4] 张金平 寇长林[1,2] LYU Jinling;GAO Yanbu;LI Taikui;KONG Haijiang;ZHANG Jinping;KOU Changlin(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environmental Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Eco-Environment,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Yuanyang Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment and Arable Land Conservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires,Xinxiang 453500,China;Henan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique-China Meteorological Administration,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Xinxiang Meteorological Office,Xinxiang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南省农业生态环境重点实验室,郑州450002 [2]农业农村部原阳农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,新乡453500 [3]河南省生态环境监测中心,郑州450046 [4]中国气象局-河南省农业气象保障重点实验室,郑州450003 [5]新乡市气象局,新乡453003

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2021年第11期1846-1856,共11页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41807098);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800600,2017YFC0212400)资助。

摘　　要：砂姜黑土是黄淮海平原重要的中低产土壤,由于其剖面含有砂姜层,易产生裂隙,影响了氮素在土壤剖面的迁移分布,可能导致砂姜黑土的N_(2)O排放存在一定的独特性。基于此,本研究以砂姜黑土小麦-玉米轮作体系为研究对象,设置4个处理,分别为不施肥(CK)、传统施肥(TR)、优化施肥(OPT)和再优化施肥(ZOPT),通过静态箱-气相色谱法结合常规土壤参数的监测与分析,探究砂姜黑土不同施氮条件下N_(2)O排放特征、累积排放量及关键驱动因素。结果显示,砂姜黑土小麦季的N_(2)O平均排放通量为14.2~21.6μg·m^(−2)·h^(−1),累积排放量为0.82~1.24 kg(N)·hm^(−2);玉米季的N_(2)O平均排放通量为14.4~24.5μg·m^(−2)·h^(−1),累积排放量为0.42~0.71 kg(N)·hm^(−2);不同处理小麦季的N_(2)O累积排放量均高于玉米季。小麦季追肥期与基肥期的N_(2)O累积排放量分别为0.27~0.41 kg(N)·hm^(−2)和0.55~0.83 kg(N)·hm^(−2),玉米季分别为0.18~0.30 kg(N)·hm^(−2)和0.24~0.41 kg(N)·hm^(−2),追肥期N_(2)O累积排放量均高于基肥期。相关性分析结果显示,CK处理的N_(2)O排放量与土壤温度、含水量和硝酸盐含量均表现出明显的多元线性相关(P<0.05),TR、OPT和ZOPT仅与土壤硝酸盐含量呈极显著多元线性相关(P<0.01),而与土壤温度和土壤含水量未表现明显的相关性,说明施肥条件下,土壤硝酸盐含量的高低成为影响砂姜黑土农田土壤N_(2)O排放最关键的影响因素。除此之外,不同施氮量的N_(2)O累积排放量差别明显(P<0.05),TR处理的N_(2)O排放量最高,小麦玉米季分别为1.24 kg(N)·hm^(−2)和0.71 kg(N)·hm^(−2),显著高于OPT处理[0.99 kg(N)·hm^(−2)和0.51 kg(N)·hm^(−2)]和ZOPT处理[0.82 kg(N)·hm^(−2)和0.42 kg(N)·hm^(−2)]。无论小麦季还是玉米季N_(2)O的累积排放量均随施氮量的增加而呈指数增加趋势,相关性系数分别达0.997和0.977(P<0.05),说明砂姜黑土传统施氮N_(2)O存Lime concretion black soil is an important medium and low-yield soil in the Huanghuaihai Plain.It is prone to cracks because containing a high clay and sand ginger layer,making it unique in nitrogen transport.This study used the wheat and corn rotation system in lime concretion black soil as the research object,researching the N_(2)O emission characteristics and key driving factors by static box-gas chromatography methods.The experiment included four treatments:no fertilization(CK),traditional fertilization(TR),optimized fertilization(OPT),and re-optimized fertilization(ZOPT).Results showed that the average emission flux of N_(2)O in the wheat season ranged from 14.2 to 21.6μg∙m^(−2)∙h^(−1),and the cumulative emission amount ranged from 0.82 to 1.24 kg(N)∙hm^(−2);the average emission flux of N_(2)O in the corn season ranged from 14.4 to 24.5μg∙m^(−2)∙h^(−1),the cumulative emission amount ranged from 0.42 to 0.71 kg(N)∙hm^(−2);the N_(2)O emission in the wheat season was higher than that in the corn season,and the N_(2)O emission in the top dressing period of the two seasons was higher than that in the basal fertilizer period,demonstrating that the wheat season and top dressing period were high N_(2)O emission periods for lime concretion black soil.The correlation analysis results showed that N_(2)O emission of CK showed a significant multiple linear correlation with soil temperature,water content,and NO_(3)^(−)-N content(P<0.05);whereas that of TR,OPT,and ZOPT only showed a significant multiple linear correlation with soil nitrate(P<0.01).There was no significant correlation between soil temperature and soil water content(except in individual cases),indicating that under fertilization conditions,the level of soil nitrate content was the most critical factor affecting N_(2)O emissions from the farmland of lime concretion black soil.In addition,the cumulative N_(2)O emissions of different nitrogen application rates were significantly different(P<0.05),and the N_(2)O emissions of the TR tr

关 键 词：砂姜黑土 N_(2)O排放 施氮量 土壤硝酸盐含量 静态箱-气相色谱法 小麦-玉米轮作 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]