传记抑或历史? --传记转向的形成及其对历史书写的影响  

Biography or History:The Formation of The Biographical Turn and Its Impact on the Writing of History

作　　者： 宋鸥(译)[2] Francie Chassen-López(Department of History,University of Kentucky,Lexington,Kentucky,USA)

机构地区：[1]肯塔基大学历史学系,美国列克星敦 [2]吉林大学《史学集刊》编辑部

出　　处：《史学集刊》2021年第6期67-81,共15页Collected Papers of History Studies

摘　　要：虽然传记在19世纪被盛赞为可以等同于历史,但在第二次世界大战之后,历史学家关注的焦点发生了变化:从聚焦于个人转向重点关注作为历史发展施动者的大众运动和社会经济力量。在这一背景下,历史学家们开始排斥传记,认为其缺乏严谨的分析和理论的复杂性,过于个人化、轶事化与短视,无助于理解更为宏大的历史进程。然而,在过去40年中,传记写作发生了重大变化,传记重新恢复了本来的地位。这源于以下三方面因素:性别理论、交叉性理论、再现论等新理论的应用;寻找新的资料来源、尝试不同的叙事手段和加强语境分析等新方法的采用;伴随着以往被视为边缘阶层的群体开始发出自己的声音,历史和传记的主体也相应发生了变化。文章探讨了传记回归的起源和发展,即现在所称的“新传记”或“传记转向”,进而分析其对历史书写产生的影响。While in the nineteenth century biography was highly praised as the equivalent of history,in the aftermath of World War II historians rejected it as lacking in rigor and too anecdotal as they shifted their focus from individuals to mass movements and socioeconomic forces as the agents of history.However,in the last four decades,the writing of biography has been transformed by the influence of new theories such as those of gender,intersectionality,and representation,new methodologies with respect to sources,narrative,and context,and the appearance of new voices and subjects,and has regained its standing.This essay explores the origins and development of this comeback,what is now called the“new biography”or the“biographical turn”,and analyzes its impact on the writing of history.

关 键 词：传记 历史 性别 交叉性 叙事 传记转向 再现 主体性 

分 类 号：I106.5[文学—世界文学]