濠梁之辩:农村养老服务的政府补贴之困——基于对山西省农村日间照料中心的多点民族志考察  

The Plight of Fiscal Subsidies for Rural Eldercare Services——Based on a Multi-sited Ethnographic Study on Rural Day Care Centers in Shanxi

作　　者：刘茜 景灏 孙婷 LIU Qian;JING Hao;SUN Ting(College of Humanities and Social Science,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024,Shanxi Province,China;Shanxi Internal Audit Service Center,Taiyuan 0300024,Shanxi Province,China;Taiyuan Social Work Research Center,Taiyuan 030006,Shanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]太原科技大学人文社科学院,山西太原030024 [2]山西省内部审计服务中心,山西太原030024 [3]太原市社会工作研究中心,山西太原030006

出　　处：《老龄科学研究》2021年第9期1-14,共14页Scientific Research on Aging

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“农村日间照料中心可持续发展路径研究”(19YJC840025)。

摘　　要：日间照料服务是解决现阶段农村养老服务问题的新形式,政府补贴是推动其可持续发展的关键因素之一。但是一些地方的日间照料服务政府补贴在实际运行过程中出现了失灵现象:一方面政府不断投入资金,另一方面日间照料中心始终存在资金缺口且服务停滞。运用多点民族志研究方法,调查了山西省7个县/市的民政部门及12家农村日间照料中心。结果显示:差异化的补贴政策、补贴办法缺失和政策执行不到位,造成了补贴浮动;政府补贴覆盖不了照料中心正常运营所需的刚性支出,导致部分照料中心陷入运营困境,并出现了政府补贴是停止还是继续的争论。针对该争论,从政治性和理性方法两个维度进行讨论。为农村日间照料中心提供补贴是政府履职的题中应有之义;照料中心良性运营的决定因素是社会力量的支持和参与,但其运营陷入困境则与政府补贴不足呈正相关。结论:政府补贴仍要继续并宜加大补贴力度。建议:理顺各级政府及部门之间关系,具体化考核与评估办法,合理化政府补贴政策,等等。Elderly day care is a new service form to solve the problem of rural senior care,and fiscal subsidies are crucial for the sustainable development of this kind of care service.However,dysfunctions in operation do exist.Although the government continues to pump money into the industry,day care centers are always underfunded and care services are almost stagnant.This paper did a multi-sited ethnographic study on 12 rural day care centers and civil administration departments in 7 counties(municipalities)in Shanxi.Results show that differentiated subsidy policies,lack of subsidy schemes and inadequate policy implementation have resulted in subsidy fluctuations.As government subsidies cannot cover the rigid expenditure of care centers,some care centers are landed in operational difficulties,leading to a debate over whether government subsidies should continue or discontinue.In view of this argument,this paper discussed from two dimensions:political and rational.It is the government’s responsibility to subsidize day care centers,the decisive factor of whose good functioning is the support and participation of social forces.Still,operational difficulties of care centers are positively correlated with insufficient government subsidies.Therefore,it is concluded that the fiscal subsidy should be continued and increased.It is then proposed that the relationship between governments and departments at all levels be rationalized,specific methods of assessment and evaluation methods be developed,and appropriate subsidy policies be formulated.

关 键 词：农村养老服务 日间照料 政府补贴 多点民族志 乡村社区治理 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]