硬粒小麦不同功能叶光合性状差异及对产量性状的影响  

Differences of Photosynthetic Characters in Different Functional Leaves of Durum Wheat and Their Effects on Yield Characters

作　　者：赵小光[1] 赵鹏涛[1] 尚毅[1] 翟周平[1] 张耀文[1] ZHAO Xiao-guang;ZHAO Peng-tao;SHANG Yi;ZHAI Zhou-ping;ZHANG Yao-wen(Laboratory of Wheat,Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省杂交油菜研究中心小麦研究室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2021年第10期9-14,21,共7页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划“优质专用硬粒小麦种质资源的创新利用”(2020NY-081);陕西省技术创新引导专项“高产高抗小麦新品种陕垦224的示范推广”(2020TG-025)。

摘　　要：以农艺性状差异明显的3个硬粒小麦为材料,分析了不同功能叶之间光合气体交换参数、叶绿素含量、叶面积和一日内光合有效辐射的差异。结果表明:旗叶的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、叶面积、光合有效辐射高于倒2叶和倒3叶,而叶绿素含量和水分利用效率则无显著性差异;去掉旗叶后,3个材料的籽粒产量、生物学产量和千粒重平均值分别比对照下降了18.66%、18.78%和12.15%,下降幅度明显高于去掉倒2叶和去掉倒3叶的处理,而不同的功能叶处理后经济系数和每穗粒数没有显著性差异。在传统的硬粒小麦选育方法上,结合高光效育种手段,加强灌浆期旗叶光合性状的筛选,有助于提高硬粒小麦产量,并为进一步开展光合机理研究提供技术支持。In this study,three durum wheat varieties with significant differences in agronomic traits were used to analyze the differences of photosynthetic gas exchange parameters,chlorophyll content,leaf area and photosynthetically active radiation in one day among different functional leaves.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,leaf area and photosynthetically active radiation of flag leaves were higher than those of the top second leaves and top third leaves,but there was no significant difference in chlorophyll content and water use efficiency.After removing flag leaves,the average of the three varieties of grain yield,biological yield and thousand grain weight decreased by 18.66%,18.78%and 12.15%respectively compared with the control,which were significantly higher than those of the treatments with the top second leaves and the top third leaves removed.However,there was no significant difference in economic coefficient and grains per panicle among the treatments with different functional leaves.In the traditional breeding method of durum wheat,combining with high photosynthetic efficiency breeding means and strengthening the screening of flag leaf photosynthetic characters at grain filling stage will help to improve the yield of durum wheat and provide technical support for further research on photosynthetic mechanism.

关 键 词：硬粒小麦 功能叶 光合性状 千粒重 高光效育种 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]