梨树专用肥对翠冠梨树体营养水平及土壤微生物群落的影响  

Effects of Special Fertilizer on Nutrient Level of“Cuiguan”Pear Tree and Soil Microbial Community

作　　者：施春晖[1,2] 王晓庆 张静增[3] 李英丽 金风雷 张玉星[3] 骆军 SHI Chun-hui;WANG Xiao-qing;ZHANG Jing-zeng;LI Ying-li;JIN Feng-lei;ZHANG Yu-xing;LUO Jun(Forestry and Pomology Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology,Shanghai 201403,China;College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Songjiang District Pear Research Institute,Shanghai 201699,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院林果果树研究所,上海201403 [2]上海市设施园艺重点实验室,上海201403 [3]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071001 [4]上海松江区梨树研究所,上海201699

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2021年第10期49-55,共7页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：上海市科技兴农推广项目“早熟梨减肥、增效生态栽培技术示范推广”(沪农科推字[2018]第4-2号)。

摘　　要：为探明梨树专用肥对梨树营养水平和土壤环境的影响,研究了施用梨有机无机专用平衡肥(SBF)、常规化肥(CF)对翠冠梨树营养水平、产量、品质,土壤养分及微生物环境的影响。结果表明:与化肥(CF)对照相比,SBF处理的翠冠梨果实单果重和可溶性固形物的含量显著提高,增幅分别为7.8%和9.65%;SBF处理后翠冠梨叶片中的N、Zn、Mn、Fe等元素的含量显著升高,但B元素含量显著低于CF;SBF处理后的土壤pH值显著下降,而速效钾含量和有机质含量显著升高,平均有机质含量达3.05%,比CF土壤有机质含量显著增高8.54%。与CF相比,SBF处理土壤中Gaiella菌的相对丰度与土壤有机质、有效氮、有效磷、速效钾呈显著负相关,与电导率EC值呈正相关;纤维弧菌属(Cellvibrio)的相对丰度则与Gaiella菌的表现相反。研究表明,梨树专用平衡肥有助于提高果实品质,减轻果园土壤盐碱化,提高土壤有机质含量并改善土壤微生物环境。In order to ascertain the effects of special fertilizer for pear trees on the nutrient level and soil environment of pear trees,the effects of applying pear organic-inorganic special balanced fertilizer(SBF)and conventional chemical fertilizer(CF)on the nutrient level,yield,quality,soil nutrients and microbial environment were studied.The results showed that compared with the chemical fertilizer(CF)control treatment,the fruit weight and the soluble solid content of the“Cuiguan”pear after the SBF treatment increased significantly by 7.8%and 9.65%,respectively.After the SBF treatment,the contents of K,Ca,Mn,and Fe in the leaves of“Cuiguan”pears increased significantly,but the B element was significantly lower than that of CF treatment.The pH value of the soil after SBF treatment decreased significantly,while the content of available K and soil organic matter was significantly higher,with an average organic matter content of 3.05%,which is 8.54%higher than that of CF soil.Compared with CF,the relative abundance of Gaiella bacteria in SBF treated soil was significantly negatively correlated with soil organic matter,available N,available P,and available K,and was positively correlated with the electrical conductivity EC value.The relative abundance of Cellvibrio was opposite to that of Gaiella.The research showed that the special balanced fertilizer for pear trees could help to improve fruit quality,reduce soil salinization in orchards,increase soil organic matter content and improve soil microbial environment.

关 键 词：专用平衡肥 化学肥料 微生物 品质 土壤有机质 梨树 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]