基于增苗减氮技术构建晚籼稻高产氮高效群体  

Construction of High Yield and High Nitrogen Efficiency Population of Late Indica Rice was Constructed by the Technology of Increasing Seedling and Reducing Nitrogen Fertilization

作　　者：罗亢 曾勇军[1] 石庆华[1] 成臣 廖雅汶 王雅青 王志雯 朱博 LUO Kang;ZENG Yongjun;SHI Qinghua;CHENG Chen;LIAO Yawen;WANG Yaqing;WANG Zhiwen;ZHU Bo(Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding/Collaborative Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045,China;Life Sciences College,Gannan Normal University,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室,双季稻现代化生产协同创新中心,江西南昌330045 [2]赣南师范大学生命科学学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2021年第5期961-970,共10页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301605,2018YFD0301102);江西省水稻产业技术体系专项(JXARS-02-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】增施氮肥是实现水稻高产最为重要的措施之一,但过量施用氮肥会降低氮肥吸收利用率并造成氮素面源污染。合理的每穴苗数通过调节稻田基本苗数构建高产群体起点,但通过增加每穴苗数降低施氮量能否同步实现水稻高产及氮素高效利用目前还不清楚。旨在探索每穴苗数及氮肥用量对构建晚籼稻高产氮高效群体的协同调控效果。【方法】于2017—2018年,选用五优308及天优华占为晚籼稻材料,设CK(每穴2苗和N 180 kg/hm^(2))、T1(每穴3苗和N 144 kg/hm^(2))及T2(每穴4苗和N 126 kg/hm^(2))等3个处理,测定了水稻干物质生产、叶面积指数、产量及氮素吸收利用。【结果】随着增苗减氮调控程度增加,两品种产量均先增后降。与CK处理相比,五优308及天优华占品种T1处理产量分别增加0.36%~0.38%及8.73%~10.01%,其中天优华占T1处理与CK处理产量间差异达显著水平;天优华占T2处理产量增加0.95%~1.72%,而五优308品种T2处理产量却显著降低7.46%~7.96%。增苗减氮促进晚籼稻有效穗数增加,每穗粒数降低,结实率先增后降,千粒质量无显著变化。两品种抽穗期及成熟期的叶面积指数及幼穗分化期至成熟期的光合势均先增后降,五优308作物生长速率、总干物质量降低,而天优华占作物生长速率、总干物质量却均先增后降。总吸氮量降低,氮素偏生产力增加、氮素吸收利用率、生理利用率及农学利用率均先增后降。【结论】T1处理可同步协调“增苗”与“减氮”二者关系,可有效构建晚籼稻高产氮高效群体,但具体调控效果因品种而异。[Objective]Increase in the application of nitrogen fertilizer input is one of the most important measures to achieve high yield of rice,but the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer reduces nitrogen absorption efficiency and causes nitrogen non-point source pollution.The basic seedling number of paddy field is adjusted by reasonable seedling number per hill to build the starting point of high-yield population.However,it is not clear whether the rice high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency could be achieved simultaneously by increasing the number of seedlings per hill and reducing the amount of nitrogen applied.This study was to explore the synergistic regulation effect of the seedlings per hill and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer on high yield and high nitrogen efficiency population of late indica rice.[Method]Wuyou 308 and Tianyouhuazhan were selected as late indica rice materials for the field experiment,and three treatments including CK(2 seedlings per hill and N 180 kg/hm^(2)),T1(3 seedlings per hill and N 144 kg/hm^(2))and T2(4 seedlings per hill and N 126 kg/hm^(2))were conducted in 2017—2018,the effects of increasing seedlings and reducing nitrogen fertilization on the dry matter production,leaf area index(LAI),yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization of the late indica rice were measured.[Result]The results showed that the rice yield of both the varieties increased first and then decreased with the increase in seedlings and nitrogen reduction regulation.Compared with the CK plots,the grain yield in the T1 plots of wuyou 308 and tianyouhuazhan were increased by 0.36%-0.38% and 8.73%-10.01%,respectively.The grain yield in the T1 plots of Tianyouhuazhan was significantly higher than that of the CK plots in two years.And the yield in the T2 plots of Tianyouhuazhan increased by 0.95%-1.72%,while the yield of Wuyou 308 significantly decreased by 7.46%-7.96%.With increasing seedlings and reducing nitrogen,the productive panicle number increased,the spikelet number per panicle decreased,the seed s

关 键 词：增苗减氮 高产 氮高效 晚籼稻 

分 类 号：S511.042[农业科学—作物学] S511.062