新疆昭苏地区混播箭筈豌豆和施氮处理下燕麦草地的氮产量  

Effects of mixed cropping Vicia sativa and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen yield of Avena sativa pastures in Zhaosu,Xinjiang

作　　者：黎松松 于辉[1] 王宁欣 夏树淼 朱亚琼[1] 陈雪 郑伟[1,2] LI Songsong;YU Hui;WANG Ningxin;XIA Shumiao;ZHU Yaqiong;CHEN Xue;ZHENG Wei(College of Pratacultural and Environmental Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草业科学》2021年第10期1918-1929,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划重点项目(XJEDU2019I013);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2018Y018);新疆维吾尔自治区创新环境建设专项(2019Q021);“国家牧草现代产业技术体系”项目(CARS-34);国家自然科学基金(31660692);“国家绿肥产业技术体系”项目(CARS-22-Z-18);国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项(2017YFE0109200)。

摘　　要：为评估混播箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)对燕麦(Avena sativa)草地减氮增效的贡献度,于2019年在新疆昭苏盆地进行了以施氮水平(不施氮N0;低氮N20,20 g·m^(−2);高氮N40,40 g·m^(−2))和混播比例(禾豆比:100꞉0、75꞉25、50꞉50、25꞉75和0꞉100)为控制条件的双因素田间试验,对混播草地牧草产量、氮产量以及种间竞争格局进行分析,从氮产量的角度评估了混播箭筈豌豆对燕麦草地的减氮潜力。结果表明:1)燕麦产量、牧草总产量、燕麦氮产量和总氮产量随着氮水平的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),箭筈豌豆产量及氮产量随施氮水平的增加而变化不明显;在各施氮水平下,禾豆比75꞉25处理具有较高的牧草总产量,同时在N0和N20下,还具有较高的燕麦氮产量;禾豆混播后,可获得混播优势,施氮水平对其影响不显著(P>0.05)。2)在N0下,箭筈豌豆相对产量、氮素竞争率和拥挤率均大于燕麦,是强竞争者,而在N20和N40下,燕麦成为强竞争者;随着禾豆比的减小,箭筈豌豆的相对产量、氮素竞争率和拥挤率呈增加趋势;箭筈豌豆的相对产量、氮素竞争率和拥挤率与燕麦产量、牧草总产量和燕麦氮产量呈负相关关系。3)相较于单播燕麦,混播箭筈豌豆可以代替33.65%~45.15%的氮肥;在N0下,混播箭筈豌豆对燕麦草地的贡献值为0.45~1.28 g·m^(−2),在N40下,混播促进效果为3.75 g·m^(−2);施用氮肥的增产效果为3.71 g·m^(−2)。因此,昭苏地区燕麦+箭筈豌豆型混播草地可以实现减氮增产,种间竞争格局的变化对混播优势及减氮增效贡献影响较小。To evaluate the contribution of mixed planting Vicia sativa to Avena sativa grassland in reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizer and improving fertilizer efficiency,a two-factor[nitrogen application levels(no nitrogen application,N0;low nitrogen N20,20 g·m^(−2);high nitrogen N40,40 g·m^(−2)]and mixed sowing ratios(grass꞉legume=100꞉0,75꞉25,50꞉50,25꞉75,0꞉100)field experiment under controlled conditions was performed in the Zhaosu Basin of Xinjiang in 2019.The forage yield,nitrogen yield,and interspecific competition pattern of mixed grassland were analyzed,and the nitrogen reduction potential of mixed Vicia sativa on Avena sativa grassland was evaluated from the perspective of nitrogen yield.The results showed that:1)Avena sativa yield,total forage yield,Avena sativa nitrogen yield,and total nitrogen yield increased significantly with an increase in nitrogen level(P<0.05);however,the yield and nitrogen yield of Vicia sativa did not change significantly.At various levels of nitrogen application,the ratio of grass to legume 75꞉25 treatment had a higher total forage yield,and it also had a higher Avena sativa nitrogen yield under N0 and N20.The mixed sowing was advantageous,and the nitrogen application level had no significant effect on it.2)Under N0,the relative yield,nitrogen competition rate,and crowding rate of Vicia sativa were higher than those of Avena sativa and it were strong competitors in relative yield,nitrogen competition rate and crowding rate,while under N20 and N40,Avena sativa became a strong competitor.With a decrease in the mixed ratio,the relative yield,nitrogen competition rate,and crowding rate of Vicia sativa showed an increasing trend.The comparable yield,nitrogen competition rate,and crowding rate of Vicia sativa were negatively correlated with Avena sativa yield,total forage yield,and Avena sativa nitrogen yield.3)Compared with unicast Avena sativa,mixed sowing Vicia sativa can replace 33.65%~45.15%of nitrogen fertilizer;under N0,the contribution of mixed Vicia sativa to A

关 键 词：种间竞争 混播优势 氮产量 减氮潜力 禾豆混播草地 产量 混播比例 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]