人居视角下我国传统灌区研究  

Research on Traditional Irrigation Districts in China from the Perspective of Human Habitat Environment

作　　者：郭巍[1] 吴迪 侯晓蕾 GUO Wei;WU Di;HOU Xiaolei

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083 [2]中央美术学院建筑学院,北京100102

出　　处：《中国园林》2021年第10期11-15,共5页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号52078041);教育部人文社科一般项目(编号20YJA760016)共同资助。

摘　　要：传统灌区形成了中国以农业为基础的国土空间基本景观结构。灌区整体风貌与空间肌理表达了地形地貌、河流水系、植被等自然环境特征,以及叠加于之上的水利系统、农业体系和聚落系统等文化特色,由此形成不断演变和适应的国土人文自然系统。将灌区视为水文驱动下的人居环境单元,首先简述我国灌区分布和发展,确定灌区的基本类型和各自特征,并剖析不同尺度的灌区的水文和空间结构,在此基础上分析灌区根据分水体制而形成的社会人文结构,最后论述灌区在风景审美和营建方面的潜在影响,以期为理解我国传统国土空间提供一种新的视角。Traditional irrigation districts have formed the basic structure of land space based on agriculture.The overall style and spatial texture of the irrigation district feature the topography and landform,river system and natural vegetation in the natural environment,and the cultures of water conservancy system,agricultural system and settlement system therein,thus forming an ever-evolving and adaptive system of land space,humanity and nature.In this paper,the irrigation districts are regarded as the human settlement environment unit driven by hydrology.To begin with,the distribution and development of the irrigation districts are briefly introduced,presenting the basic types and characteristics.Subsequently,the hydrological and spatial structure of different irrigation districts are analyzed.After that,the social and humanistic structures of the irrigation districts based on the water distribution system are studied.As a result,the potential impact of the irrigation districts on the landscape aesthetics and construction is discussed,with a view to providing a new perspective on the traditional land space of China.

关 键 词：风景园林 传统人居 灌区 陂塘堰坝 水管理 水适应性 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]