土壤微生物在法庭科学领域中的应用研究进展  

Research progress of soil microbes application in forensic science

作　　者：许敏敏 时玉 刘洋[1,5] 凃政 王林[4] 贾振军[1] 苑美青[2] XU Minmin;SHI Yu;LIU Yang;TU Zheng;WANG Lin;JIA Zhenjun;YUAN Meiqing(People's Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China;Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics,Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China;State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement,School of Life Sciences,Henan University,Kaifeng,Henan 475004,China;Baotou Public Security Bureau,Baotou,Inner Mongolia 014030,China;Bei'an Branch of Public Security Bureau in Reclamation Area,Heihe,Heilongjiang 164000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学,北京100038 [2]公安部物证鉴定中心法医遗传学公安部重点实验室,北京100038 [3]河南大学生命科学学院作物逆境适应与改良国家重点实验室,河南开封475004 [4]包头市公安局刑侦支队,内蒙古包头014030 [5]黑龙江省垦区公安局北安分局,黑龙江黑河164000

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2021年第10期3823-3834,共12页Microbiology China

基　　金：中国人民公安大学基本科研业务费(2021JKF104)。

摘　　要：土壤物证在法庭科学领域的应用由来已久,主要是基于其外观、颜色、元素组成、矿物学等理化特性及土壤夹杂物等的比对检验。近年来,随着高通量测序技术的发展,法医土壤微生物检验不再完全依赖于传统培养技术,而是直接挖掘分析土壤中的全部微生物DNA信息,并将这些信息应用于法庭科学领域内的样本比对、土壤物证区域环境推断和溯源研究等,从而凸显出土壤微生物物证在案件侦查和法庭诉讼方面的巨大价值和应用潜力。本文通过综述国内外有关法医土壤微生物研究的最新进展,指出了土壤微生物多样性检验在法庭科学领域的应用潜力,分析了法医土壤微生物群落多样性的影响因素,最后探讨了法医土壤微生物研究中存在的问题和未来的发展方向。Soil-related evidence has been used for decades in forensic science. Forensic soil comparison test is mainly based on its physical and chemical properties, such as soil appearance, color, elemental composition, mineralogical properties and soil inclusions. Recently, with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, independent of the traditional culture techniques, microbial communities could be directly tested and analyzed through all its DNA information in the soil. Then we use this information for sample comparison or source speculation in mock or real case. This highlights the great value and potential application of soil microbial evidence in case investigation and justice. This review summarizes the recent domestic and foreign research progress in forensic soil microbes, points out the potential applications for soil microbial diversity test in the field of forensic science, analyzes the influencing factors of soil microbial community diversity, and finally discusses the existing problems and future development direction of forensic soil microbiology.

关 键 词：法庭科学 土壤物证 土壤微生物 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] D919[农业科学—农业基础科学]