生物炭基材料在抗生素废水处理中的研究进展  

Research progress on biochar-based materials for the treatment ofantibiotic wastewater

作　　者：姜记威 张诗轩 曾文炉[1] 李凤祥[1] JIANG Jiwei;ZHANG Shixuan;ZENG Wenlu;LI Fengxiang(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300350

出　　处：《化工进展》2021年第S02期389-401,共13页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1804102);国家自然科学基金(32171615,31570504)。

摘　　要：生物炭是一种由生物质原料热解而成的稳定多孔碳材料。目前,生物炭及其碳基材料作为功能材料因其在一定程度上不仅实现了废弃物的合理资源化利用,而且兼具经济与环境效益而倍受研究者关注。本文综述了生物炭的生物质原料种类、生物炭在不同成分下(纤维素、半纤维素、木质素)的形成机制及表面特性;重点介绍了生物炭的改性技术,主要包括物理化学处理、杂原子掺杂、金属元素掺杂、多种元素共掺杂以及制备工艺的改良等,生物炭改性的目的是为了增加其比表面积、反应活性位点和官能团,改良孔隙结构和无机成分,从而提高它在修复环境污染的性能;然后综述了生物炭作为优良吸附剂或催化剂在用于抗生素废水的具体应用及其去除机理。最后指出生物炭虽被证明了具备去除水中各类抗生素的潜力,但在材料本身的优化以及工程抗生素废水应用中仍有一些需要填补的知识空白。Biochar is a kind of stable porous carbonaceous material produced by pyrolysis of various rawbiomass. At present, biochar and its derived carbon-based materials, as functional materials, have notonly realized the reasonable recycling utilization of waste to a certain extent, but also achieved botheconomic and environmental benefits which have attracted much attention from researchers. Herein, thetypes of raw biomass for biochar, and the formation mechanisms and surface properties of biochar withdifferent components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) are reviewed. It focuses on the modificationtechnology of biochar, including physical and chemical treatment, heteroatom doping, metal elementdoping, co-doping of multiple elements, and improvement of preparation process to increase the specificsurface area, reactive sites, and functional groups and improve the pore structure and inorganiccomponents, thereby improving its performance in repairing environmental pollution. Then the specificapplications of biochar as an adsorbent or catalyst in the treatment of antibiotic wastewater and its removalmechanism are proposed. Finally, it is pointed out that although biochar has the potential to remove allkinds of antibiotics from water, there are still some knowledge gaps that need to be filled in the optimization of the material itself and the application of engineering antibiotic wastewater.

关 键 词：生物炭 热解机理 生物炭改性 吸附剂 催化剂 抗生素 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]