高浓度含铜电镀废水膜电解处理与回用  

Recovery and utilization of copper from electroplating wastewater with high concentration by membrane electrolysis

作　　者：周杰 宋小三[1,2] 王三反[1,2] ZHOU Jie;SONG Xiaosan;WANG Sanfan(School of Environment and Municipal Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Engineering Center of Water Resources Comprehensive Utilization,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]寒旱地区水资源综合利用教育部工程中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《化工进展》2021年第S02期434-442,共9页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21466019);甘肃省科技计划(20JR10RA228);甘肃省高等学校科研项目(2020A-040,2020C-38)。

摘　　要：随着电镀行业的发展,电镀废水排放造成的污染问题一直困扰着研究者。而针对其中高浓度含铜电镀废水少污染、可回收的目标,开发了单膜双室膜电解法处理并回收铜的新工艺,本实验研究了其运行方式、回收效果与机理并对回收的产物进行表征。在一个电解槽内阴阳两极之间放入一张阴离子交换膜,研究了初始Cu^(2+)浓度、电流密度、pH、极板间距、温度和添加剂等运行参数对铜回收率和能耗的影响。在Cu^(2+)初始浓度50g/L,阴极板电流密度400A/m^(2),温度40℃,极板间距30mm,阴极室pH=6.5,添加1g/L硝酸铵的最优工况下,测得铜回收率可以达到96.1%,电流效率超过70%,并且反应能耗为5737kWh/t。同时通过表征分析在最佳工艺条件下电解回收的铜,发现其颗粒较小、大小均匀、棱角分明,且其纯度高,具有较高的经济价值。With the development of the electroplating industry,the pollution caused by electroplating wastewater discharge has been bothering us.Aiming to low pollution and recovery of high concentration copper-containing electroplating wastewater,a new process of single-membrane double-chamber membrane electrolysis was developed.In this experiment,the operation mode,recovery effect,and mechanism were studied,and the recovered products were characterized.An anion exchange membrane was placed between anode and cathode in an electrolytic cell.The effects of operating parameters such as initial Cu^(2+)concentration,current density,pH,plate spacing,temperature,and additives on copper's recovery rate and energy consumption were studied.Under the optimal conditions of Cu^(2+)initial concentration of 50g/L,cathode plate current density of 400A/m^(2),the temperature of 30℃,plate spacing of 30mm,cathode chamber pH=6,adding 2g/L ammonium nitrate,the measured copper recovery can reach more than 95%,the current efficiency of more than 70%,and reaction energy consumption of 5300—5400kWh/t.At the same time,it is found that the copper recovered by electrolysis under the best technical conditions has small particles,uniform size,sharp angle,high purity and high economic value.

关 键 词：电镀废水 膜电解 铜回收 电流效率 

分 类 号：TF792[冶金工程—钢铁冶金]