施氮水平对超高产杂交稻氮平衡指数及产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Nitrogen Balance Index and Yield of Hybrid Super Rice

作　　者：陈梅 王远[1] 陈贵[4] 纪荣婷 施卫明[1] CHEN Mei;WANG Yuan;CHEN Gui;JI Rongting;SHI Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China;Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Science,Jiaxing,Zhejiang 314016,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [4]嘉兴市农业科学研究院,浙江嘉兴314016

出　　处：《土壤》2021年第4期700-706,共7页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31701994);江苏省太湖水环境综合治理科研课题(TH2018305);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010701)资助。

摘　　要：采用两个超高产籼粳杂交水稻甬优12、冬制14为材料,以常规粳稻秀水134为对照,设置田间小区试验,比较研究超高产杂交稻甬优12、冬制14氮平衡指数(NBI)及产量对不同施氮量(0、200、300、400 kg/hm^(2))的响应,评估超高产杂交水稻叶片NBI与叶片氮含量、地上部氮素累积、产量之间的关系。结果表明,在相同施氮量下,超高产杂交稻甬优12、冬制14的产量高于对照品种秀水134,产量优势主要体现在穗大粒多,在施氮量300 kg/hm^(2)时产量最高,分别为13.48 t/hm^(2)和11.51 t/hm^(2),而常规粳稻在施氮量200 kg/hm^(2)时产量最高,为9.49 t/hm^(2)。氮肥的施用提高了了甬优12、冬制14的叶绿素指数、NBI,降低了类黄酮指数,施肥量越高NBI提高的幅度越小。在齐穗期,超高产杂交稻的NBI显著高于对照品种。在水稻分蘖期和拔节期,甬优12、冬制14的NBI与叶片氮含量、地上部氮素累积、产量显著正相关,NBI可以用于超高产杂交水稻快速氮素营养诊断和产量预测。A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen balance index(NBI)and yield of hybrid super rice and evaluate NBI for the assessment of rice nitrogen status and yield.Rice cultivars included two hybrid super rice cultivars(Yongyou12,Dongzhi14)and one common variety(Xiushui 134),nitrogen fertilizer was applied at four levels(0,200,300 and 400 kg/hm^(2)).The results showed that the yields of Yongyou 12 and Dongzhi 14 were higher than that of Xiushui 134 at the same amount of nitrogen application,and reached the peak(13.48 t/hm^(2)and 11.51 t/hm^(2),respectively)at N 300 kg/hm^(2),while the yield of common rice reached the peak of 9.49 t/hm^(2)at N 200 kg/hm^(2).Nitrogen fertilizer increased Chl index and NBI but decreased Flav index of Yongyou12 and Dongzhi14.At the heading stage,values of Chl index and NBI of Yongyou12 and Dongzhi14 were significantly higher than that of Xiushui 134.At the tillering and jointing stages,NBI was significantly correlated with leaf nitrogen concentration,rice N accumulation in above-ground and yield.These results demonstrated NBI could be used for rapid nitrogen status diagnosis and yield prediction of rice.

关 键 词：施氮量 氮平衡指数 产量 超高产杂交稻 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学]