不同秋耕措施对黄土高原春玉米田土壤物理质量的影响  

Effects of Different Autumn Tillage Practices on Soil Physical Quality of Maize Field on Loess Plateau of China

作　　者：祁泽伟 张慧芋 李娜娜[2] 梁改梅[2] 杜天庆[1] 李军辉 薛建福[1] QI Zewei;ZHANG Huiyu;LI Nana;LIANG Gaimei;DU Tianqing;LI Junhui;XUE Jianfu(College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University/Crop Ecology and Dry Cultivation Physiology Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province,Taigu,Shanxi 030800,China;Shanxi Institute of Organic Dryland Farming,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院/作物生态与旱作栽培生理山西省重点实验室,山西太谷030800 [2]山西农业大学山西有机旱作农业研究院,太原030031

出　　处：《土壤》2021年第4期826-832,共7页Soils

基　　金：山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题(YCX2018408,YCX2018409);山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXYBKY201730)资助。

摘　　要：合理耕作是改善土壤物理质量及构建合理耕层的重要措施之一,对黄土高原农田改良具有重要意义。本研究采用旋耕、深翻和深松3种秋耕措施,探究了不同秋耕措施对黄土高原春玉米田0~30 cm土壤物理质量的影响。结果表明:深翻5~30 cm各层次土壤容重较旋耕显著降低了10.1%~14.58%,土壤总孔隙度和土壤充气孔隙度则分别显著增加了11.59%~22.37%和26.52%~75.2%。深翻10~30 cm各层次土壤容重较深松显著降低了6.56%~13.48%,土壤总孔隙度则显著增加了9.3%~17.1%。深翻0~10 cm各层次土壤毛管孔隙度较深松显著增加了7.41%~11.75%,10~30 cm各层次土壤质量含水量显著增加了5.46%~16.57%。此外,5~10 cm土壤固、液、气三相比偏离以旋耕最佳,10~30 cm各层次则以深翻为最佳。综合来看,旋耕改善了5~10 cm土壤物理质量,深翻改善了10~30 cm土壤物理质量,采用旋耕+深翻轮耕模式可能是该研究区构建春玉米田合理耕层的潜在措施之一。Reasonable tillage is one of important measures to improve soil physical quality and to construct rational tillage layer on the Loess Plateau.In this study,three autumn tillage practices,including rotary tillage(RT),plough tillage(PT)and subsoiling(ST)were carried out to assess the effects of different autumn tillage on soil physical quality in 0-30 cm layer of maize field on the Loess Plateau.The results showed that,compared with RT,PT significantly reduced soil bulk density by 10.1%–14.58%while significantly increased total porosity by 11.59%–22.37%and air-filled porosity by 26.52%–75.2%in 5–30 cm layer,respectively.Moreover,compared with ST,PT significantly reduced soil bulk density by 6.56%–13.48%and increased total porosity by 9.3%–17.1%in 10–30 cm layer,increased capillarity porosity by 7.41%–11.75%in 0–10 cm layer and mass water content by 5.46%–16.57%in 10–30 cm layer.The most optimal deviation values of solid,liquid and gas appeared in 5–10 cm layer under RT and in 10–30 cm layer under PT.In conclusion,soil physical quality is improved in 5–10 cm layer under RT and in 10–30 cm layer under PT,therefore,adoption of RT/PT shifting tillage is a potential practice to construct rational tillage layer in the maize field on the Loess Plateau of China.

关 键 词：秋耕措施 土壤物理质量 合理耕层 春玉米 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]