西地那非脂质体的制备及其肺部给药预防高原肺水肿的作用  

Preparation of liposomal sildenafil and its pulmonary delivery for the prevention of high altitude pulmonary edema

作　　者：黄粤琪 陈婷[1] 王婉梅 庄波 苑天宇 刘岩[1] 杜丽娜 魏晓阳 彭晖 金义光 HUANG Yue-qi;CHEN Ting;WANG Wan-mei;ZHUANG Bo;YUAN Tian-yu;LIU Yan;DU Li-na;WEI Xiao-yang;PENG Hui;JIN Yi-guang(Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine,Beijing 100850,China;Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Science,Academy of Military Science,Tianjin 300050,China)

机构地区：[1]军事科学院军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所,北京100850 [2]中国人民解放军总医院第八医学中心呼吸与危重症医学科,北京100193 [3]军事科学院军事医学研究院环境医学与作业医学研究所,天津300050

出　　处：《药学学报》2021年第10期2658-2668,共11页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技重大专项-重大新药创制基金项目(2018ZX09J18104-001)。

摘　　要：高原肺水肿(high altitude pulmonary edema,HAPE)是由于在高海拔地区肺动脉压力升高,血管内液体向肺组织渗出形成,发生快,致死率高。西地那非(sildenafil,SIL)可扩张肺内血管,具有预防高原肺水肿的作用,但目前只有口服片剂和注射液剂型,存在给药剂量大、使用不便和全身不良反应大等问题。本文制备了西地那非脂质体(liposomal sildenafil,LS)并进行肺部给药,考察其预防高原肺水肿的作用。用硫酸铵梯度法制备LS,包封率约100%,粒径116.97 nm,zeta电位-30.93 mV。LS在人工肺液中释放前期的释放速率比SIL快,同时释放更完全。所有动物实验经军事科学院军事医学研究院伦理委员会批准且实验均按照相关指导原则和规定进行。将给药剂量(3 mg·kg^(-1))相同的SIL、LS及空白脂质体分别灌胃给药和经气管喷入小鼠肺中,将模型组和各给药组小鼠置于模拟5000 m海拔的低压氧舱中1 h后取出。模型组小鼠在旷场实验中运动总路程降低,不动时间升高,同时血氧饱和度(percutaneous oxygen saturation,SpO_(2))降低,肺组织中的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平比正常组小鼠高,还原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione,GSH)水平比正常组小鼠低;给药组中口服西地那非没有明显改善小鼠的生命体征和活动能力,而肺吸入LS却明显改善小鼠活动能力,与模型组相比,血氧饱和度升高,TNF-α和GSH水平均接近正常水平。将给药剂量(3 mg·kg^(-1))相同的SIL混悬液和LS经气管喷入小鼠肺中,将模型组及给药组小鼠置于低压氧舱中不同时间后取出。模型组小鼠血液中炎性细胞因子TNF-α、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平比正常组小鼠高,而给药后下降,其中LS组更低,接近正常水平。造模1 h及造模48 h的LS组小鼠血液中IL-1β水平比SIL组低(P<0.05)。模型组小鼠肺组织中缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)表达升高,给药后HIF-1α表达降低接近正常水平,LS组的HIF-1α表达比SIHigh altitude pulmonary edema(HAPE)is a result of leaking of the fluids from blood vessel to the lung tissue due to pulmonary artery hypertension in the high altitude place,which happens very quickly and shows high mortality.Sildenafil(SIL)can prevent HAPE by expanding pulmonary vessels;however,only oral tablets and injections of SIL are currently available.The formulations have the disadvantages of high doses,inconvenient use,and high systemic side effects.Here,liposomal sildenafil(LS)was prepared for pulmonary delivery and the prevention of HAPE was explored.The ammonium sulfate gradient method was used for the preparation of LS with a high entrapment efficiency of nearly 100%,the particle size of 116.97 nm,and the zeta potential of-30.93 mV.All animal experiments had been approved by the Ethics Committee of Academy of Military Medicine,Academy of Military Sciences,and carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.The dose(3 mg·kg^(-1) SIL)of sildenafil suspensions,LS or blank liposomes was intragastrically or intratracheally administered to the lungs of mice.The mice with or without treatment were put in the hypobaric oxygen chamber of 5000 m altitude for 1 h.In the open field text the model mice had the shorter total distances and longer dead time than the healthy mice and they showed the lower percutaneous oxygen saturation(SpO_(2)),the higher tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)levels of and the lower reduced glutathione(GSH)in the lung tissues.By contrast,oral LS remarkably modified the moving ability of the mice and they had the higher SpO_(2) than the model mice and the similar TNF-αand GSH levels to the healthy mice.Sildenafil suspensions and LS with the same dose(3 mg·kg^(-1) SIL)were intratracheally administered to mouse lungs,respectively,and the mice of the model group and the treatment groups were put in a hypobaric oxygen chamber for predetermined time.In the rotating rod experiments,the mice in the model group showed shorter drop latency and more drop times than those in the h

关 键 词：西地那非 高原肺水肿 硫酸铵梯度法 脂质体 肺部给药 

分 类 号：R943[医药卫生—药剂学]