肠道神经系统功能和胃肠疾病  

The function and gastrointestinal diseases of enteric nervous system

作　　者：李岩 李飞 张潜 李云庆 LI Yan;LI Fei;ZHANG Qian;LI Yun-qing(Department of Anatomy,Basic Medical College,Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi 563003;Department of Anatomy,Histology and Embryology and K.K.Leung Brain Research Centre,School of Basic Medicine,Air Force Military Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义医科大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室,贵州遵义563006 [2]空军军医大学基础医学院人体解剖与组织胚胎学教研室暨梁銶琚脑研究中心,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《解剖科学进展》2021年第5期624-627,共4页Progress of Anatomical Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81620108008,31971112)。

摘　　要：肠道神经系统(ENS)是由大量的神经元和神经纤维组成的复杂的神经网络,在参与胃肠道局部反射、维持消化系统的功能、保证人体健康等方面发挥着重要的作用。ENS分为黏膜下神经丛和肌间神经丛,肌间神经丛内不同形态的神经元可通过释放兴奋性或抑制性神经递质参与胃肠道运动的调控。当ENS内氮能神经元的NO合成障碍时便会引发贲门失迟缓症,氮能神经元的减少则在原发性胃轻瘫患者中表现的尤为显著。此外,ENS的发育异常和神经元的退行性改变分别会导致先天性巨结肠症和肠易激综合征。The enteric nervous system(ENS) is a complex neural network composed of a large number of neurons and nerve fibers, serves as a major role in regulating local reflexes of the stomach and intestine, maintaining the functions of digestive system and ensuring human beings’ health. ENS is divided into submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus, different types of neurons in the myenteric plexus participates in the regulation of gastrointestinal movement by releasing excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitters. Dyssynthesis of NO in ENS neurons causes achalasia, the reduction of nitrogenous neurons was involved in primary gastroparesis of patients, abnormal development of ENS and degenerative changes of neurons leads to hirschsprung disease and irritable bowel syndrome.

关 键 词：肌间神经丛 氮能神经元 黏膜下神经丛 胃肠疾病 胃肠道运动 ENS 兴奋性 抑制性神经递质 神经系统功能 肠神经元 发育异常 先天性巨结肠症 胃肠活动 胆碱能神经元 

分 类 号：R338[医药卫生—人体生理学]