利用微生物耦合载体提升传统SBR工艺脱氮的有效性  

Utilizing microbial-carrier coupled system to improve the effectiveness of nitrogen removal by traditional SBR process

作　　者：张亦南 金石开 何韵仪 过春燕 肖军 张杭君[1] 丁佳锋 陈芸 张艳君 ZHANG Yinan;JIN Shikai;HE Yunyi;GUO Chunyan;XIAO Jun;ZHANG Hangjun;DING Jiafeng;CHEN Yun;ZHANG Yanjun(School of Life and Environmental Sciences,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 310036,China;Hangzhou Environmental Protection Scientific Research Design Co.Ltd.,Hangzhou 310000,China;Radiation Monitoring Technical Center of Ministry Ecology of Environment,Hangzhou 310036,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院,杭州310036 [2]杭州市环境保护科学研究设计有限公司,杭州310000 [3]浙江省辐射环境监测站(生态环境部辐射环境监测技术中心),杭州310012

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2021年第9期3067-3078,共12页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：杭州市农业和社会发展科研主动设计项目(20180417A05);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2021C02048)。

摘　　要：功能微生物的种类、稳定性以及增殖率对污水处理厂活性污泥单元工艺效果有重要影响。利用特定孔隙率的活性炭作为载体,与筛选得到的功能微生物可以较好地耦合,构成新型复合微生物体,可显著提高SBR反应器的脱氮效果。本实验在序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)中投加孔较为发达的150目煤质活性炭构建微生物耦合载体活性污泥系统(R2),以不加任何载体的单独活性污泥系统作为对照组(R1)。经SEM和TEM观察表明,R1中微生物较为分散,而R2中的微生物可以在活性炭表面和孔隙内部呈团聚状富集。连续流实验结果表明,R2中的污泥在45 d后基本驯化稳定,且污泥膨胀较小,出水中NH^(+)_(4)-N和TN的去除率分别为(81.92±2.52)%和(56.44±2.56)%,脱氮效果明显优于对照组R1的(43.56±1.66)%和(39.96±3.69)%。R2反应器中胞外聚合物(EPS)的含量由147.56 mg·g^(−1)(以VSS计)增加至416.33 mg·g^(−1)(以VSS计),且蛋白质和多糖比值高于R1,说明微生物耦合活性炭有利于污泥的颗粒化和颗粒污泥系统的稳定。从微生物作用机理的角度开展研究,发现R2中Proteobacteria(83.79%),Bacteroidetes(9.34%),Firmicutes(2.87%)的相对丰度较高,且相比于R1,R2中和污泥膨胀相关的菌门Actinobacteria的丰度下降,而与脱氮功能有密切关联的菌属Enterobacter(25.11%)、Azohydromonas(14.24%)和Microbacterium(8.38%)的丰度上升。以上研究结果说明,合适的载体能够提高功能微生物在水处理中的增效作用和稳定性。The type,stability and proliferation rate of functional microorganisms have an important influence on the process effect of the activated sludge unit of the sewage treatment plant.This study found that activated carbon with a specific porosity as a carrier could couple with the functional microorganisms screened in this study and form a new type of composite microorganism,which significantly improved the denitrification effect of the SBR reactor.A novel microbial-carrier coupled activated sludge process(named as R2)was constructed by adding150 mesh of coal-based activated carbon in a sequential batch activated sludge reactor(SBR)in order to improve nitrogen removal performance in the traditional activated sludge process.At the same time,the traditional activated sludge system without any carrier addition was taken as the control group(named as R1).SEM and TEM images indicated that the microorganisms can be enriched in agglomerated form on the surface and preliminary interior of activated carbon in R2,while the microorganisms in R1 were relatively scattered.The results of continuous flow experiment indicated that the domestication of sludge was basically stable and low bulking after 45 days in R2,and the NH^(+)_(4)−N and TN removal efficiencies were(81.92±2.52)%and(56.44±2.56)%,respectively,which were much higher than(43.56±1.66)%and(39.96±3.69)%in R1,respectively.The study on microorganisms showed that the content of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)in R2 increased from 147.56 mg·g^(−1)(calculated by VSS)to 416.33 mg·g^(−1)(calculated by VSS),while the ratio of protein(PN)to polysaccharide(PS)was higher than R1,indicating that the microbial-carrier coupled activated sludge process was beneficial to sludge granulation and the stability of granular sludge system.From the perspective of microbial action mechanism,it was found that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria(83.79%),Bacteroidetes(9.34%),and Firmicutes(2.87%)in R2 were higher than R1,while the abundance of Actinobacteria related to slud

关 键 词：微生物 载体 煤质活性炭 SBR反应器 脱氮 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]