汉语礼貌同位语的形成和语序演变  

The Formation of Chinese Politeness Apposition and the Evolution of Word Order

作　　者：吴宇仑 Wu Yulun(Department of Linguistics,The University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China)

机构地区：[1]香港大学语言学系,香港999077

出　　处：《现代语文》2021年第7期44-48,共5页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：近代汉语中的礼貌同位语结构,原本是礼貌语后置的“代词+礼貌语”格式,这是因为“在下”“小人”等礼貌同位语最早是作为代词右侧的线性邻接成分而演变成礼貌同位语的。至清代时期,礼貌语前置的“礼貌语+代词”格式逐渐出现,并在清代、民国时期与后置形式形成了竞争态势。在现代汉语中,前置的“礼貌语+代词”逐渐成为礼貌同位语唯一合法的格式。这一演变的原因与句法的顺序象似性有关,即说话人倾向于把更重要的信息置于最左侧的位置。In Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasty,word order of polite appositive construction in Chinese was“noun+appositive form”and the appositive form was postpositive.This was because early appositive forms like“zaixia(在下)”and“xiaoren(小人)”were lexicalized from adjacent forms on the right of the nouns.Since Qing dynasty,new word order of“appositive form+noun”started to occur and competed with postpositive construction.Finally in modern Chinese,prepostitive form became the only legal construction.And the reason for this change was the order iconicity of syntax,which indicated speakers tend to put the most important information to the beginning of the sentence.

关 键 词：礼貌语 同位语 语序 句法象似性 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]