认同焦虑下的理论重构与文化选择——重读20世纪90年代的后殖民主义电影批评  

The theoretical reconstruction and cultural choice under identity anxiety——Rereading the postcolonial criticism of film in the 1990s

作　　者：石小溪 陈旭光[2] Shi Xiaoxi;Chen Xuguang

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院,天津300071 [2]北京大学艺术学院,北京100871

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2021年第10期102-109,191,192,共10页DongYue Tribune

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助“电影批评转型及其问题研究(1978—2000)”(项目编号:63212027)。

摘　　要：20世纪90年代,中国后殖民主义电影批评作为中国电影文化批评走向兴盛的重要表征,其生成与发展既受到了西方后殖民主义理论的直接影响,也交织着复杂的本土文化诉求。彼时,杰姆逊的"民族寓言"论与萨义德的"东方主义"批判,为正处在双重认同焦虑下的中国知识分子提供了一种借助文化批评参与政治讨论、完成身份转型的新途径。在理解、重构后殖民语境的过程中,部分学者将"张艺谋神话"作为批判对象,在施以有意无意"误读"的同时,也引发了学术层面的质疑之声。在重读相关电影批评文本的基础上,可将其问题局限归纳为政治批判的缺陷、西方中心主义的理论陷阱、对自我的身份"误认"、本质主义民族文化观以及对电影本体的忽视等几个方面,对此,应以一种宏观、辩证的眼光对其予以历史化和语境化的阐释。而这对于中国电影文化批评以更为开阔、全局与宏观的国际视野,建构一种既兼容并包又具有中国特色的批评话语体系,具有重要的启示意义。In the 1990 s,as an important symbol of the prosperity of China’s cultural criticism of film,postcolonial criticism of film and its development were not only directly affected by Western postcolonial theory,but also intertwined with complex local cultural demands. At that time,Fredric Jameson’s theory of national allegory and Edward W. Said’s orientalism provided a new way for Chinese intellectuals who were in the anxiety of dual identity to participate in political discussion and complete identity transformation. In the process of understanding and reconstructing the postcolonial context,some scholars take "Zhang Yimou myth"as the object of criticism with intentionally or unintentionally misunderstanding of the postcolonial theory,which arouses some academic debate. Rereading the relevant criticism texts,its problems can be summarized as the defects of political criticism,the tendency of Western centrism,the misidentification,the essentialist view of ethnic culture and the neglect of art ontology,which should be explained in a historical and contextual way with the perspective of total ideology. For China’s cultural criticism of film to construct an all-inclusive critical discourse system,this will be of great significance.

关 键 词：后殖民主义理论 中国电影批评 认同焦虑 文化选择 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]