中国旅游地理学的发展与创新  

Development of Tourism Geography as a Discipline in China

作　　者：保继刚[1,2] 杨虹霓 翁时秀[2,3] BAO Jigang;YANG Hongni;WENG Shixiu(School of Tourism Management,Sun Yat-senUniversity,Zhuhai 528406,Guangdong,China;Center for Tourism Planning&Research,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,Guangdong,China;School of Geography,and Planning,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学旅游学院,广东珠海528406 [2]中山大学旅游发展与规划研究中心,广东广州510275 [3]中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《经济地理》2021年第10期79-86,共8页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41920104002)。

摘　　要：依据旅游供需关系主要矛盾的变化,将改革开放至今的中国旅游发展划分为观光旅游主导阶段(1978—1988年)、旅游供需多元化阶段(1989—1998年)、旅游日常化阶段(1999—2012年)、旅游供给侧改革阶段(2013年至今)等四个阶段。在观光旅游主导阶段,中国旅游地理学紧密围绕关键现实问题,探寻观光旅游发展规律并用以指导产业实践,理论与实践之间形成良性互动;在旅游供需多元化阶段,部分新兴产品的开发建设问题得到较好的理论回应,但没能构建一个旅游地空间竞合的系统理论;在旅游日常化阶段,越来越多的学者成为单一领域的专家,推动学科的深化和细化研究,但对宏观复杂非线性问题,却无法进行有效的学术应对;在旅游供给侧改革阶段,不少研究达到国际领先水平,综合性的可持续旅游研究开始出现,对旅游地理学新学科体系和理论框架的讨论日益增多,但迄今尚未在更加系统而全局的视野中建立真正的科学问题体系,并针对科学问题系统性地探寻有效的研究方法和技术。研究认为,十分必要群策群力地梳理旅游地理学科学问题体系、探寻有效方法、开展协同研究;应尽快解决过去遗留的理论问题,做好应对未来变化的准备。Based on the analysis of tourism supply and demand relationship since the reform and opening-up,the process of Chinese tourism development can be divided into four stages:the stage that sightseeing dominates in tourism activities(1978-1988),the stage that tourism supply and demand are diversified(1989-1998),the stage that tourism becomes a need in people’s daily life(1999-2012), and the stage that tourism supply side go through constructive reforms(2013 to present). In the first stage, China’s tourism geography scholars strived to focus on key practical issues, explore basic principles of tourism development,and apply them to guide real-world practices,thus connecting theories to practices. In the second stage, some practical issues in tourism development were theoretically examined. However, systematic and theoretical investigations into spatial relationships(competitions and cooperation) between destinations were omitted in tourism geography area. In the third stage,many scholars focused on one particular area,which enabled tourism geography research to go in-depth into multiple academic directions. Yet,tourism geography research in this stage failed to address macro-complex and nonlinear problems. In the fourth stage, some research work has reached leading position in the world. Comprehensive sustainable tourism research has appeared. Discussions on discipline system and theoretical framework of tourism geography are increasing. Unfortunately, a scientific and comprehensive discipline system hasn’t been established yet. In addition, research methodology in tourism geography area is under investigated. It is upmost important for scholars in this area to work together, summarize discipline system, construct research methodology, and collaborate on research projects. Theoretical issues left from the past should be resolved soon to prepare for the future challenges.

关 键 词：中国旅游地理学 旅游供需关系 学科发展 旅游地域系统 

分 类 号：F591.99[经济管理—旅游管理]