基于中国后裔信息的国内外荷斯坦公牛遗传水平比较研究  

A Comparative Study on the Genetic Level of Domestic and Imported Holstein Bulls Based on Progeny Information

作　　者：陈紫薇 张海亮[1] 娄文琦 王凯 常瑶 刘林[2] 麻柱[2] 郭刚 张胜利[1] 王雅春[1] CHEN Ziwei;ZHANG Hailiang;LOU Wenqi;WANG Kai;CHANG Yao;LIU Lin;MA Zhu;GUO Gang;ZHANG Shengli;WANG Yachun(College of Animal Science And Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Beijing Dairy Cattle Center,Beijing 100192,China;Beijing Shounong Livestock Development Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,北京100193 [2]北京奶牛中心,北京100192 [3]北京首农畜牧发展有限公司,北京100029

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2021年第11期86-94,共9页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金：财政部、农业农村部:现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-36);北京市科技计划课题(D171100002417001)(2017-2020);农业高质量发展关键共性技术攻关专项(20326303D);北京三元种业科技股份有限公司自立科研课题(SYZYZ20160006、SYZYZ20190005)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在利用北京及周边地区奶牛群体遗传评估的结果,比较不同冻精产地荷斯坦牛公牛的遗传水平,并归纳分析各性状遗传进展趋势。选取来源于42个牛场1987—2020年的DHI数据、体型鉴定以及生产数据,使用DMU软件对6个产奶性状、6个体型性状、5个健康性状、5个繁殖性状以及1个长寿性状进行遗传评估,将出生年度为1995—2014年的种公牛按照冻精产地分为进口、国产2类进行比较分析。结果表明:随着出生年份的增加,进口、国产公牛在产奶量、乳脂量、乳蛋白量和体型性状的遗传水平均呈上升趋势,且国产公牛遗传水平上升幅度大于进口公牛;进口、国产公牛健康性状的发病率估计育种值均呈下降趋势,健康状况遗传水平小幅改善,而繁殖性状和长寿性状的遗传水平均基本能保持平稳。总体来说,我国种公牛选育成效显著,且育种方向较为平衡。Current study compared the genetic levels of Holstein bulls from different origin,using the results of genetic evaluation of dairy population in Beijing and other adjacent regions,in order to summarize and analyze the genetic trend of each trait.Our raw data came from the type classification records and on-farm data,and then we carried out the genetic evaluation of 6 milk traits,6 type traits,5 health traits,5 reproductive traits and 1 longevity trait with DMU software.Bulls genetically evaluated in current study who born between 1995 and 2014 were classified into imported and domestic bulls according to the location where the frozen semen was produced.The results showed that the genetic level of milk yield,milk fat yield,milk protein yield and type traits in imported and domestic bulls increased as the birth year increased,and the magnitude increased in domestic bulls was higher than those in imported bulls.Especially,during 1995-2014,the genetic gain of milk yield in imported bulls was about 67.5 kg,while that in domestic bulls was about 385.2 kg.Estimated breeding value(EBV)of health traits in both imported and domestic bulls decreased which translated into a minor improvement of health status genetically,and there were no obvious changes in EBV of reproductive traits and longevity trait over time in both group of bulls.In summary,the dairy cattle breeding system in China was effective and well balanced.

关 键 词：荷斯坦牛 冻精 遗传评估 遗传进展 

分 类 号：S823.2[农业科学—畜牧学]